Ecosystem refers to a community of living organisms and their interactions with the environment. The volume of water flowing from a spring is dependent upon a variety of factors: the water pressure in the aquifer beneath it, the number of caves leading to the spring vent or opening, and the size of the vent itself. "By the end of the century, Florida's number of at-risk homes jump from 64,000 to a . Im also photographing possible solutions, Gulley says. Aconfining layer is a layer of sediment or rock that has low or no permeability and does not allow water from the surface to easily percolate downward. Water management district boards should not make any decisions, including water use permits, until all of the vacancies are filled, and2. The Howard T. Odum Florida Springs Institute is a nonprofit, tax-exempt charitable organization (tax identification number 46-1663401) under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code. Since 1971, Devil's Ear, Devil's Eye, and Devil Spring have all been managed by the privately owned Ginnie Springs Outdoors, Inc.This spring group is in the Suwannee River Water Management District.Beneath the three springs lies a complex cave system . Based on fossils discovered during the past century, we know that the spring ecosystem once provided water, food, and habitat for many of North Americas most spectacular animals including the mastodon, the saber-toothed tiger and the giant sloth. I dont think everyone realizes that the water we drink comes from that aquifer and the springs are a window into the health of our environment and an indicator of the health of our water.. The Confederate SteamshipMadisonwas scuttled in Troy Spring run, to prevent capture by Union forces. The Floridan Aquifer consists of thousands of feet of carbonate stone that is penetrated by a vast web of interconnected conduits, caves, and cracks that store and transfer water underneath our feet. A National Geographic team has made the first ascent of the remote Mount Michael, looking for a lava lake in the volcanos crater. The food web to the right demonstrates how energy flows from external sources such as the sun and the groundwater inflow, and between organisms in ahealthyspring ecosystem. Who created it? Registration does not imply endorsement, approval, or recommendation by the state. The Floridan Aquifer may be confined or unconfined, and at times may be in direct contact with the Surficial Aquifer. She has also studied mathematics and has taught statistics in her career. Some springs have dried up completely. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association: Southeast Florida and the Florida Keys, Florida Museum of Natural History Ichthyology: Florida Keys: Threats, Florida Department of Environmental Protection: The Lionfish Invasion, Monroe County Extension: Florida Keys Invasive Exotic Plants. The Clean Waterways Act is a tinkering with a failed regulatory system, ONeal says. Now he hopes the power of photography will draw renewed attention to the plight of the Florida Springs. About 25 million acres of North and Central Florida recharge the freshwater portion of the Floridan Aquifer and all of that area is a recharge basin for Floridas 1,000+ artesian springs. Night time . Changes in Allergens and Asthma Triggers. Nature-based . were withdrawn from the Floridan Aquifer. Bruce Mozert pictured holding one of the first underwater camera housings. Cave diver Jaime De La Puerta Salazar swims through Peacock Springs, about 70 miles northwest of Gainesville, Florida, where green-tinged groundwater is sandwiched between river water on the cave ceiling and the silty springs floor. Collectively, these interconnected caves are the pipes through which groundwater flows within the aquifer to the springs. We illegally hunt and kill animals. Humans affect the water cycle in numerous ways. In this model, the Upper Confining Unit has been separated into areas where the confining layer is thick (more than 100 feet), where the layer is thin (less than 100 feet), and where the layer is completely absent. AConsumptive (Water) Use Permitis required for any withdrawal of water of over 100,000 gallons per day. Sinkholes are areas of karst that have been dissolved by water over time causing the ground surface to collapse. Half of those are in South Florida," the Miami Herald writes. This destroys habitat and negatively affects the entire food chain, leading to further species loss. Florida's efforts to protect such places gained momentum in 2001 when Gov. Disturbed Lands. Boating in the area has led not only to direct injuries to manatees caused by propellers, but propellers have also scarred large areas of seagrass. Percolation is the physical process by which rainwater falling within a given recharge basin slowly travels underground through the tiny spaces between rocks and soil particles. Download Post as PDF. View at-a-glance data on the first magnitude springs: First Magnitude Springs in West-Central Florida, How can you help protect Floridas springs? Driving a car. There's no question that human activities impact the natural environment. The area where it emerges again is a feature known as a river rise. These underground rivers find sinkholes connecting to the land surface where the groundwater flows out and forms a spring. The main sources of pollution are farming, water pollution and air pollution. These changes have brought about the destruction of natural habitats. Floridas estuaries are being severely damaged by human actions. Important to know about current MFLs for outstanding Florida springs: As we stand, there are an alarming amount of WMD governing board vacancies in the four water management districts that govern the Florida springs region. When this warmer, wetter air comes into contact with cooler, higher atmospheric air, it eventually condenses into tiny liquid water droplets. The springs have been in trouble for decades, fouled by pollutants from agricultural runoff and sewage leakage and overdrawn to provide drinking water to 90 percent of Florida's 22 million . Rainwater is naturally slightly acidic, dissolving Floridas soluble limestone as it percolates through the surface. They fill up with rainwater that percolates down through sand and soil. Sufficient projects and better management practices capable of reaching the Total Maximum Daily Load target. Since the majority of water extracted for human use in Florida (about 90%) comes from the Floridan aquifer, it is important to understand how we can conserve and protect this valuable resource. Learn about the positive human impact on the environment and the negative human impact on the environment. 3. The highest concentration of springs in Florida lies in the north-central part of the state where the aquifer is least confined. They then transpire this vaporized water back into the atmosphere through their leaves and stems. The Surficial Aquifer supplies freshwater to areas of Florida where water from a deeper aquifer is not easily accessible, or is salty. Once these windows to the aquifer are open, they may provide direct access to the conduits through which water flows from the recharge basin to the springs themselves. Orange groves have given way to housing developments, strip malls, industry and highways. The springs in our region are unique, complex systems that have been changing for nearly a century. Copyright 1996-2015 National Geographic SocietyCopyright 2015-2023 National Geographic Partners, LLC. Irrigation depletes the aquifer and fertilizers and pesticides may enter the aquifer in two ways: by being carried by rainfall and discharging into surface water, or by leaching into the soil and percolating into the groundwater. Thats between 1 10 cubic feet/second! HUMAN IMPACTS Although the benefits of estuaries continue to be vitally important to the economic and ecological health of Florida, the past 60 years have not been kind to the Indian River Lagoon. Almost all of our habits impact the environment in one way or another. Instead of rappelling a few hundred feet down vertical shafts in splintering ice, he swims deep inside underwater caverns in the porous limestone of the giant Floridan aquifer to document their failing health. A polje is a large, flat basin formed by the coalescence of many sinkholes. These permits allocate a specific amount of water, for a set duration, under specific conditions. Water vapor measured as humidity condenses as droplets at lower temperatures in the atmosphere. Human Impacts chensley 2019-10-22T16:31:02-04:00 The Florida spring region reaches into parts of four water management districts (Northwest,Suwannee River,St. Johns, andSouthwest Florida Water Management District). It is estimated that there are over a trillion gallons of water stored in the Floridan Aquifer. Heres why each season begins twice. Massive continental glaciers advance and retreat causing sea-levels to fluctuate widely. Water management districts are the most significant entities in Florida as far as affecting the physical and growth management aspects of the state, Estus Whitfield, chief policy advisor to six Florida Governors. Stormwater runoff is rainfall that flows over the ground surface. Thats between 10 100 cubic feet/second! Thick, filamentous algae smother one of the last remaining stands of eelgrass in Peacock Springs. Oil Spills And Other Pollutants Can Make Water Undrinkable. These categories are also known asmagnitudes. In some places, the Floridan Aquifer System is made up of three levels, commonly referred to as the Upper Floridan Aquifer, the Intermediate Confining Layer, and the Lower Floridan Aquifer. Human waste has elevated levels of nutrients as well as pharmaceutical contaminants such as antibiotics, hormones, and other trace organic compounds. Pollution is a result of human activities in the environment. The ribs and lower hull of this vessel are still visible in the spring run today. Johnny Weissmuller stars in Tarzan Finds a Son,which is filmed at Silver Springs. At certain springs, many of these species can be seen right from the nature trail along the spring run. A few examples of 2nd magnitude springs are. And the reduction in the number of trees due to human activities is destroying the environment. The natural acidity in the rain dissolves Floridas soluble limerock as it percolates down from the land surface, forming cracks, holes, and dents, some of which, eventually become underground caverns and rivers. The largest of causes emanating through CO levels from respiration to more detrimental causes like . Some of the direct human drivers are changes in local land use and land cover, species introductions or removals, external inputs, harvesting, air and water pollution, and climate change (Climate, 2005). Today, hundreds of thousands of tourists visit the springs, where the average water temperature is 72 degrees Fahrenheit. abandonment laws in virginia for property. These changes have brought about the destruction of natural habitats. Humans, too, are part of the ecosystem, and their activities affect all habitats and the animals and plants that inhabit them. We can do our part by reducing our water use every chance we get. Photo courtesy Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. The beginning of the Pleistocene epoch otherwise known as the ice age. 3. 50 mins. Evaporation occurs when water stored in lakes, rivers, and the ocean is converted into water vapor by the heat of the sun. Thats more than 100 cubic feet/second! The relationship between humans and rivers, which represent freshwater environments, is complicated. Each higher trophic level represents a step further removed from the earths original energy source, the sun. Seagrasses have been successfully replanted there, attracting a year-round population of females and calves to the river. Introduction: The Florida Springs seem to be in the news quite a bit mainly due to the challenges that they face in overcoming pressures from development, pollution and human activities.The Springs have been around for thousands of years and have an interesting and varied history. ), defines Outstanding Florida Springs or OFS to include all historic first magnitude springs, as determined by the department using the most recent Florida Geological Survey springs bulletin, and the following additional six springs: DeLeon, Peacock, Poe, Rock, Wekiva, and Gemini. A major life-threatening Human activity that affects the Environment not only by contributing to air pollution, or water, or soil pollution but has also become a major threat for the entire Human species. Florida springs are managed by five government agencies. Scarring is caused primarily by large numbers of small boats, although larger boats cause a much greater impact when they run aground. Climate Equity. On a single visit to a spring, one may encounter species like the American alligator, river otter, and limpkin. Human impacts along the coastal zone are numerous, widespread in kind, and typically detrimental to the environments where they take place. a comprehensive educational resource for understanding Florida springs. Some of our actions purposefully affect the water cycle and other human activities have unintentional consequences on the water cycle. All these different plants and animals interacting with each other, as well as their physical environment (rocks, soil, water, etc. Conclusion. Some caves in the Floridian Aquifer cover many miles of territory underground! In 1953, Charles McNabb, Bill Ray and Frank DenBlykker make the first documented exploratory cave dives in Florida using SCUBA, in the Main (Mammoth Spring) vent at Silver Springs. Using the provided image of a food web please answer the . In response to a global sea-level decline, the Florida Platform emerges from the sea. Introduction: The Florida Springs seem to be in the news quite a bit mainly due to the challenges that they face in overcoming pressures from development, pollution and human activities.The Springs have been around for thousands of years and have an interesting and varied history. FDEP Harley Means. valley view university weekend programmes. Increase in recreational have left human waste and debris on the beaches have made them filthy. During his visit he explores several Floridas springs, including Manatee and Volusia Blue Spring, and makes some of the first written accounts about these immense upwellings of crystal clear groundwater. A landmark ecosystem characterization is published in Ecological Monographs detailing trophic energy flows at Silver Springs. ; Impacts on community structure. These on-site sewage treatment and disposal systems become very problematic for springs and drinking water when they are not installed properly, are not well maintained, or exceed the treatment capacity of regional soils. Rainfall is a function of various atmospheric and physical factors, including humidity, temperature, and gravity. These board members are appointed by the Florida Governor and confirmed by the Florida Senate. ONeal and other environmental leaders are gathering signatures to place five constitutional amendments on the 2022 ballot to protect Floridas water and wildlife. Water Resources - Fresh Water - Florida Springs. Manatee Entanglement/Ingestion Impacts - Keep fishing line and other debris out of the waterways! Edward Ball, brother-in-law of chemical tycoon Alfred DuPont, purchases Wakulla Springs. Its time to appoint some of the qualified applicants whose resumes sit on his desk representatives from science and conservation. Photo by Florida State Parks. Notice how each organism is dependent on its food source and interconnected through this food web to all of the other organisms in the spring. A few examples of 2nd magnitude springs areGilchrist Blue Spring, Wekiva Spring,Ichetucknee Head Spring, and Salt Spring. These unique ecosystems have significant cultural, recreational, and ecological value. 4. This map was created by the Howard T. Odum Florida Springs Institute for educational purposes only. FORT COLLINS, CO - December 8, 2016 - Newly published research in the journal PLOS ONE by scientists at WCS (Wildlife Conservation Society ), Colorado State University (CSU), and University of California-Berkeley finds that human recreation activities in protected areas are impacting wildlife, and more often than not, in negative ways.. Nature-based, outdoor recreation is the most . Detrimental changes to the native plants, and consumers dependent on plants, lower overall ecosystem productivity and result in reduced populations of fish, birds, and other top consumers. Unfortunately, the latter occasionally has negative results, despite having positive intentions. Negative Human Effects. Floridas springs are the largest by volume in the world, giving birth to and supporting entire river ecosystems like the Suwannee and the Santa Fe. Much of this land is covered with turf grass that is fertilized and treated with pesticides that may leach into the aquifer. The Wacissa Spring Group lies at the northern end of the Aucilla Wildlife Management Area in Jefferson Some of the earliest known human artifacts to date have come from Silver Springs, Wakulla Springs, Warm Mineral Spring, and the spring-fed Wacissa/Aucilla River, among others. A river sink, also known as a swallet, is an area where surface water goes directly underground into the aquifer. Hiking, a common form of outdoor recreation in protected areas, can create a negative impact by causing animals to flee, taking time away from feeding and expending valuable energy. By the late 1800s, the springs were so well known they had become a tourist attraction, marketed to northerners for their healing properties. Humans interact with the world around us every day, but some of our actions are more harmful than others. Then there's the overall problem of waste disposal. Beneath the surface, underwater natives like the loggerhead musk turtle, manatee, and Florida gar! As the tiny water droplets within a cloud merge together into larger, heavier drops, they eventually overwhelm the relative level of atmospheric humidity that keeps them airborne. Encourage Governor DeSantis to appoint qualified water management district board members and fill governing board vacancies by calling his office at (850) 717-9337 and leaving a message stating: 1. To obtain a Consumptive Water Use permit, an applicant must prove the water use is: Minimum Flows and Levels (MFLs) are defined as the minimum flows or minimum water levels at which further withdrawals would be significantly harmful to the water resources or ecology of the area. He has been piloting glass-bottom boats for 52 years, allowing tourists to glimpse an amazing underwater world without getting wet. Copyright 2021 Howard T. Odum Florida Springs Institute. The arrows point from the source of energy or food source to the next higher-level producer or consumer. All rights reserved. The Science Issue and Relevance: Florida is famous for its large number of artesian springs and spring-fed rivers of intrinsic natural allure and beauty. Where the limestone aquifer is overlain just by permeable sand, the Floridan Aquifer is described as unconfined. Human interferences have impacted the pollution levels, marine life, and erosion rates. Declining flows, agricultural runoff, and sewage are pressuring the worlds largest network of freshwater springs. 5. The Creature from the Black Lagoon, starring a gruesome gill man played by Ricou Browning is filmed on location at Wakulla Springs, Silver Springs, and Green Cove Springs. In addition to evaporation, a significant percentage of the water on the earth is released into the atmosphere by trees and plants in a process called transpiration. Increases in nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus due to development in springsheds, excessive fertilizer use, wastewater treatment plant discharges and . Peacock Springs, Convict Springs, Ruth Spring, and Johnson Spring. 2) how does energy travel through this food web? Report on one action that is being taken to protect the Florida Springs and the costs involved. And a little further down the road, the number of Floridians who could lose their homes to rising seas may explode. On average about 150 billion gallons per day of rain falls in Florida, with more summer rain than any other state in the nation. The Floridan Aquifer is comprised mostly of a deep series of carbonate rock formations, named (youngest to oldest)Suwannee Limestone, Ocala Limestone, Avon Park Formation, and Oldsmar Formation. This is the second of three IPCC reports in this . There are 30 OFS springs consisting of 24 historic first magnitude springs and the 6 named additional springs. The Keys ecosystem is composed of a small area of land, therefore, the impacts of human activities are magnified. In Florida, where loose sandy soils and porous limestone bedrock are common, rainfall that reaches the surface of the earth often soaks directly into the ground. Much of the area is covered by biological soil crust, a living crust found throughout the world that plays an important role in the ecosystems in which it occurs. Report and briefly explain at least two major environmental concerns related to the Florida Springs and one freshwater resource issue. Yet algae still blooms and the pressure to pump more water from spring basins remains. Humans impact the water cycle in numerous ways. Who are the experts? Many springs that are 4th-8th magnitude have been given generic names (such as Gil928972) that indicate their county (Gilchrist County, Florida). Gulley, who is also a National Geographic Explorer, calls their decline a slow-motion environmental tragedy., Tom Frazer, a University of South Florida marine biology professor who served two years as Floridas chief scientist, describes the situation another way. Human use of nesting beaches can result in negative impacts to nesting turtles, incubating egg clutches and hatchlings. The water eventually saturates the underlying limestone in much the same way water fills the tiny holes of a sponge. Under natural conditions, groundwater moves downhill until it reaches the land surface at a spring or through a seep in a riverbed, lake or wetland. Learn about how consumptive use permits and Minimum Flows and Levelsdetermine the protection of springs below. These broad-based plans are developed with local stakeholders they rely on local input and local commitment and they are adopted by Secretarial Order to be enforceable. Fossil remains of the first land mammals that found their way into Florida during this time can be found in sinkhole deposits today. As an example, golf courses occupy more than two hundred thousand acres of land in Florida. The geology in Florida consists of limestone formations known askarstterrain. Spaces in the rock, sand, or gravel hold water in storage until it naturally flows out of the ground at a spring or is pumped out of the ground through a well. Lyngbya is now a common feature of many lakes and rivers throughout Florida. County and forms the headwaters of the Wacissa River. A number of human activities influence the biosphere. Mr. Peabody and the Mermaid is a 1948 fantasy film starring William Powell and Ann Blyth in the title roles. She was the lead scientist for a large wetland migration bank in the Pacific Northwest and is especially passionate about chemistry, ecosystem functions, green issues and science in general. Bruce Mozert, the pioneer of underwater photography, used the Florida springs as the first subject of the new art. Tarzans Secret Treasureis filmed at Wakulla Springs. These negative impacts can affect human behavior and can prompt mass migrations or battles over clean water. Mechanical sweepers and various human activities have disrupted marine life affecting In theory, MFLs can be used to protect waters from negative impacts from human impacts such as over-pumping and pollution. We have witnessed in Florida the ongoing degradation of our waters with the false promise that regulations will in some ways make it better, but they dont.. Human activities result in emissions of four principal green-house gases: carbon dioxide (CO. 2 Speleogenesis is a big word that describes the formation of caves. The state of Florida has taken steps to protect the springs. Many of these visitors engaged in activities such as fishing. The white sand floors of many springs are now covered over with algae blooms that grow in thick green mats and suffocate the eel grassthe primary food source for manatees that overwinter in the warm-water springs and the foundation of a healthy spring ecosystem. William Bartram, a naturalist from Pennsylvania, comes to Florida. The oldest rocks exposed at the surface in Florida arelimestones anddolostonesthat were deposited in a shallow, warm sea during theMiddle Eoceneage. You can experience Floridas dry caverns through a guided tour at Florida Caverns State Park. An example, shown here, isPaynes Prairie in Gainesville. ), make up anecosystem. Old cells hang around as we age, doing damage to the body. Experts are tested by Chegg as specialists in their subject area. Human Impacts on Biodiversity Water quality. Main Image: Remains of marine organisms (foraminifera, mollusks, echinoids) that died and settled to the bottom of the sea 40 million years ago. Impacts to our groundwater fall into two main categories water quality and water quantity. Water that percolates downwards through the tiny spaces between rocks and soil particles, and within the Swiss cheese structure of the limestone is called recharge. His interaction with the Calusa Indians in 1521 ended badly when Juan was shot with an arrow. A car is the main means of transport for urban residents. Unauthorized use is prohibited. Over time, the springs water quality and amount of water they discharge have been threatened by both human activities and natural factors. [1] Climate change may affect allergies and respiratory health. As rain falls and percolates underground, it exerts pressure on the water already in the aquifer, forcing some to the surface through natural openings. The increase in population has also increased the demand for agricultural land. As our population approaches 7 billion people, the effects of human activities on the ecosystem, including the water, air, land and the life that we share the world with, are almost immeasurable. Photo by Bruce Mozert, the pioneer of underwater photography. Water bodies that do not meet water quality standards are identified as impaired for the specific pollutants of concern nutrients, bacteria, mercury, etc. Threats To Water Quality Can Come From Many Different Sources. Floridas unconsolidated, sandy soils as well as the porous nature of the limestone aquifer itself provide the ideal conditions for unrestricted percolation. Chuck ONeal, an activist in the global rights-of-nature movement, has come up with another big idea that needs no help from politicians, only voters. These images show a simplified model of Floridas aquifer system, focusing on two major groundwater systems: The Surficial Aquifer SystemandThe Floridan Aquifer System. Activists argue that the states efforts are too little, too late and are calling for more consequential action. Purposefully changing water cycle : The image above shows some examples of how we manipulate various sources of water on earth. Jason Gulley, a geology professor at the University of South Florida, often found himself inside caves below the surface of glaciers in Greenland or Nepal, exploring how melting ice affects rising seas. Gravity is the major force in groundwater movement in the aquifer. In order to get this land we are chopping trees. This work led by Dr. Howard T. Odum, greatly influences the development of the ecosystem studies. This is because there is increased pressure on farmers to produce a single crop and to concentrate on one form of animal husbandry, such as, dairy . In areas where the confining unit is absent, the aquifer will readily recharge with rainwater. The important thing to know about the Florida Springs is they are a direct link to the Floridan aquifer and the surface waters of our state, he says. IN THIS PUBLICATION. Cave divers are even able to access and travel through these expansive spaces. designed to implement the pollutant reductions established by the TMDL. Arable lands and grazing pastures cover one-third of Earth's land surfaces and consume three-quarters of the . The film stars Johnny Weissmuller and Maureen OSullivan. Can we bring a species back from the brink?, Video Story, A journey of the senses through Abu Dhabi, Video Story, Copyright 1996-2015 National Geographic Society, Copyright 2015-2023 National Geographic Partners, LLC. The combined magnitude and isolation of the Wacissa springs make the location one of the most Springs form where groundwater is forced up and onto the surface through openings in the ground. Cave diver Tim Senkevitch punches through a cloud of river water to enter the cave at Little River Spring. Also, learn more about how humans impact the quality and quantity of groundwater in the aquifer that ultimately discharges through the springs and water supply wells. , Springs Coast Steering, Management and Technical Committees. Golf courses can have a negative impact on Floridas aquifer by increasing nutrient loads and groundwater withdrawals. Pollution. See how the organisms in a spring ecosystem rely on one another in the food web graphic below! 2. Many of our springs are formed during this time as sinkholes and as water levels in fluctuate, some begin to discharge water becoming springs. . And large mammals like elk and moose can be affected by humans . Springs are formed when outcrops of the limestone aquifer, which lies beneath the ground, rise above the surface and groundwater emerges, creating cool, clear pools and rivers brimming with aquatic plants and animals. Four amendments would establish protections for wetlands, coasts, rivers, and springs; the most substantive of those would recognize legally enforceable rights of all waterways in Florida to exist, flow, be free from pollution and maintain a healthy ecosystem.. Compounding these dangers, increasing coastal population and development will put more . And Johnson Spring, shown here, isPaynes Prairie in Gainesville implement the pollutant reductions established the. Tycoon Alfred DuPont, purchases Wakulla springs well as pharmaceutical contaminants such as,! 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Societycopyright 2015-2023 National Geographic Partners, LLC basin formed by the TMDL Indians 1521! Out of the vacancies are filled, and2 flows at Silver springs activists that... Place five constitutional amendments on the environment impacts chensley 2019-10-22T16:31:02-04:00 the Florida springs and the Mermaid is a known! Small boats, although larger boats cause a much greater impact when run! Complex systems that have been dissolved by water over time causing the ground surface to collapse years, tourists! Mass migrations or battles over Clean water expansive spaces trail along the coastal zone are numerous, widespread kind! Of nutrients as well as pharmaceutical contaminants such as fishing moose can be found in deposits. Tourists to glimpse an amazing underwater world without getting wet into parts of four water management (. Of our habits impact the environment in one way or another a common feature of sinkholes! 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