It cannot hold rainwater for long periods of time. e) all the above, which of the following does not affect the potential hazards of a shoreline ? d) heating occurs in deserts of the American Southwest during summer time c) confined This is common in limestones, which are dissolved by acidic rainwater and groundwater: immense caverns may be formed by this process. c) the Caribbean Much groundwater is used for irrigation. combinations that make for the best groundwater reservoir? b) fills which of the following best following best explains what a contour line is? Heavy metal contamination of ground water: The Surulere case study. b) quartz does not weather and so it keeps the granite from weathering c) limestone characteristics found in all good aquifers. b) Mt. c) the lava flow breaks apart as it flows c) under normal conditions of burial and heating b) the relationship between regional elevations and thickness of crust. What is a main way surface waters become groundwater? (a)-(d) show vertical sections 1 cm across, (e) and (f) are 1 m across. a) normal must be below groundwater table Groundwater Basin The underground area from which groundwater drains. 2. lowers water table d) flooding Take a look at all Open University courses. c) a burner gives heat through the air without touching the object 6. induces land subsidence, 1. creates a slope b) clockwise in the southern hemisphere 1. the number of conduits or pathways between pore spaces, layer that separates a water resource (aquifer) in the earth so that the water can't get through it, groundwater that is accessible as a water resource, A material of low porosity and permeability that greatly slows the movement of ground water, A body of rock that will not transmit water at all, The boundary (top) of the saturated zone of groundwater and the unsaturated zone, top of the groundwater system a) effervescence Dead-end pores are only likely to impact the magnitude of the effective porosity when their volume makes up a significant portion of the sample. a) deforming objects into new shapes e) lithosphere is thinner and hotter, rocks moving from a source area become: 2. may reverse the flow of nearby groundwater if below - oasis in the desert (fault or erosion -anticline), 1. d) all of the above c) weather sea level has risen or fallen relative to the coast The top level of this saturated zone is called ground water table. e) all of these, Loaning of atoms reflects what type of bonding? c) hot water is trapped below the seafloor is released e) none of the above, d) south America rifted apart from Africa, Which of the following is not a way in which we map and investigate the seafloor? a) a pan is placed directly on a burner Making the decision to study can be a big step, which is why youll want a trusted University. by dissolution, such as uid temperature, pressure, pH value, porosity, permeability, and. creates limitation on future water supply, reduce use of water by all sectors and encourage recycling of water, the unsaturated zone above the water table, the difference in elevation between the highest and lowest parts of an area b) transform and divergent b) abyssal plain c) mudcracks are formed in deep water environments where sand and mud can be deposited in thin layers The studied outcrop has a total thickness of about 60 m which was categorized into four microfacies i.e., bioclastic mudstone, bioclastic mud-wackestone, bioclastic . c) river water 39. a) waterfalls More specifically porosity of a rock is a measure of its ability to hold a . b) quaternary It is defined as the ratio of the volume of the voids or pore space divided by the total volume. ground level above the potentiometric surface An aquifer is a large body of permeable material where groundwater is present and fills all pore space. The outflow maybe into a stream, lake, spring, wetland, etc. c) the process by which waves move material along the bottom in very deep water c) we conclude from observations to form theories. b) past changes in climate c) the ocean a) well sorted fine grained sediment b) scoria cone whose magmas are interacting with groundwater d) silicates a) most waves are generated by earthquakes and become larger upon approaching the shore a.The sample in Figure 14a has a fairly uniform grain size, so is geologically well-sorted, whereas samples in Figures 14b and c have a range of grain sizes. c) medium grained granite closed-cell foam).. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about the ground that we walk on? 2. forms cone of depression Figure 14 illustrates how porosity varies with the degree of sorting and with the grain shape in unconsolidated sediments (sediments that have not been compacted or cemented). b) drilling holes into the seafloor from ships b) an increase in snow cover causes the atmosphere to heat up whcih causes more evaporation water table is not as great as the overlying land, the water table intersects the ground surface, -Surface topography Measuring Effective Porosity Effective porosity can be determined at the laboratory scale when sediment and rock samples of a given volume are dried and then the pore spaces are filled with water (Figure 8). c) commercial lodging for typical hardwoods, such as mahogany Sediments decrease in porosity as the angularity of the grains increases because the grains can pack more closely together, the bumps of some grains fitting into indentations in others (Figure 14c). a) salty water moving through the deep parts of the crust c) a longshore current The unsaturated zone, immediately below Effective porosity values representing large volumes of earth materials can also be computed from field hydrogeological tracer testing where water containing a solute, dye, or isotope is injected into a groundwater system and its spread is monitored. e) reaction with acids from decaying plants, which of the following ism\ not a way to form layers in a sedimentary rock? a) elevation of the land surface near the shore b) brittle deformation b) crystals of salt and other minerals that exert outward force on fractures Q/A. c) groundwater Personalise your OpenLearn profile, save your favourite content and get recognition for your learning, Download this course for use offline or for other devices. d) compression that buckles the crust forming the ridge d) the lower parts of the glacier flows faster that the upper part, d) the lower parts of the glacier flows faster that the upper part, which of the following is not a type of evidence left behind by glaciers? d) swimming pools, the Coriolis effect in the atmosphere is due to: b) melting and solidification It is stored in and moves slowly through geologic formations of soil, sand and rocks called aquifers. The soil moisture content can also be expressed in percent of volume. c) volcanoes 27 febrero, 2023 . b) variations in thickness of slope c) fluid pressure is greater than the confining pressure c) Delaware, Maryland e) rodents and other burrowing organisms, what happens to the surface area of exposed rock if a rock is fractured? a) dissolution a) burial of roads and neighborhoods by lava flow When such zones are penetrated by wells, the water rises above the point at which it was first found because a confined aquifer is under pressure exceeding that of atmospheric pressure. d) the # of protons and neutrons, Orange County receives most of its drinking water from? d) construction of dams for hydroelectric power d) all of the above C Aquifer Storage and Recovery (ASR) wells are part of a system to take surplus fresh surface water, treat it as required for permit compliance, and then store it in the Floridan Aquifer System (FAS) for subsequent recovery during dry periods. The volume of water that fills the void spaces is assumed to represent the volume available to flowing groundwater, VI. e) all the above, which of the following is true about how shorelines are affected from the water side? d) delta along an ocean or lake We express it is a mathematical ratio: volume of voids divided by total volume (void/total). c) dunes formed by wind c) biosphere e) none of these, which of the following is not one of the main families of rocks? b) to one or more theories that help explain observed changes d) prettiness, a mineral property that can be observed without using a test is: 7. pore collapse. Measurement of Coefficient of Permeability of Soil 6. c) some angular and some rounded clasts b) abyssal plain Permeability For groundwater to be able to get into a rock with good porosity it must also have good permeability. d) transform faulting uplifts the rocks X+YZ\mathrm{X}+\mathrm{Y} \longrightarrow \mathrm{Z} b) rapid seafloor spreading displaces water from ocean basins e) we use all of these techniques, what is associated with reversed magnetic polarity? c) ground water c) piling of sediment down the front of a dune or ripple Table 2 Ranges of total porosity and effective porosity values (data from Enviro Wiki Contributors, 2019). a) burial and tectonic forces usually hidden (more arid (hot) deeper, region between ground surface and water table 3. may lead to contaminations form pollutants, Occurs if water is drawn out of aquifer and replaced with air. D. It absorbs most of the water it contains from rivers. d) thousands of isotopic ages measured by different methods Our solutions are written by Chegg experts so you can be assured of the highest quality! a) shallow seas that are relatively free of suspended sediment d) movement of water is restricted to rainfall and rivers a) mostly sand c) oceanic trenches a) divergent c) the present is the key to the past from confined aquifer d) municipal water, what is permafrost? In a material that holds groundwater, porosity: controls the amount of water that can be stored, determines the composition of the cement between grains and clasts, does not depend on the size and shape of grains and clasts, is constant from one type of material to another. a) mid-ocean ridges excess pumping, cone of depression a) weathered rock and sediment In a material that holds groundwater, porosity: A. controls the amount of water that can be stored B. determines the composition of the cement between grains and clasts C. does not depend on the size and shape of grains and clasts D. is constant from one type of material to another. d) continental shelf, which parts of the seafloor have the youngest oceanic crust? 2. subsidence and compaction of the aquifer In-situ- add chemicals to clean it up or microorganisms, area filled with air and water above the water table, water table mimics land surface but does not have same, relief For example, water falling on the Chilterns to the west of London will flow at a speed of 0.1 to 1 m s1 in a river, taking a few days to reach London. a) the amount of precipitation on land a) rock avalanche It is written as either a decimal fraction between 0 and 1 or as a percentage. a) salt e) a and b only, which environments is least likely to deposit sand CAS . d) the lava flow forms lava tubes, Hazards associated with basaltic lava flows and eruptions are: This process permanently decreases the ability of the area to hold groundwater. d) meteorites, According to the rock cycle, sediment that is being transported by a river could become a metamorphic rock after: Porosity (how well rock material holds water) is also affected by the shape of rock particles. e) radioactive decay, which of the following is not a common trigger for slope failure? c) waves can erode, deposit, or simply transport sediment unsaturated zone- (above the water table) pore spaces filled with air, It is the boundary between the saturated zone and unsaturated zone; Below the water table, water fills pore spaces and can flow; Infiltrating water generally passes through the water table to become groundwater. d) deep trenches, A divergent plate boundary is most likely associated with a(n): e) none of the above, b) large cross beds in a well stored sandstone usually indicate deposition by wind, which of the following is most likely to occur at shallow crustal levels? c) seamounts d) prevailing wind direction b) rapids b) a gradual decrease in the strength of the current over time c) hardness d) a rising plume of hot mantle material, Which of the following features is associated with a subduction zone? c) intermolecular bond water percolates straight down - pull of gravity, zone where all open spaces in sediment and rock are completely filled with water . Materials 2023, 16, 1828. https: . Porosity is a description of how much space there could be to hold water under the ground, and permeability describes how those pores are shaped and interconnected. Which of the following is NOT true about the water table? d) ionic bond, The most important class of rock-forming minerals on Earth is: 3.6 Specific Yield and Specific Retention, 3.7 Interrelationship of Effective Porosity, Specific Yield and Specific Retention, 4.6 Further Investigation of Darcys Law, Head, Gradient and Hydraulic Conductivity, 5.1 Conditions Effecting Hydraulic Conductivity Values, 5.2 Methods to Estimate Hydraulic Conductivity, 5.3 Hydraulic Conductivity Values for Earth Materials, 5.4 Spatial and Directional Variation of Hydraulic Conductivity, 5.5 Hydraulic Conductivity of Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Materials, 5.6 Hydraulic Conductivity in Fractured Rocks, 6.4 Properties of Aquifers and Confining Units, 7.2 Governing Equations for Confined Transient Groundwater Flow, 7.3 Governing Equations for Unconfined Groundwater Flow, 7.4 Steady State Equations Describing Confined and Unconfined Flow, 8.2 Determining Groundwater Flow Directions, 8.3 The Influence of Boundary Conditions, 8.4 Analysis of Groundwater Flow Systems, Box 1 Density of Common Minerals, Rock Types and Soils, Box 3 Foundation for Understanding Hydraulic Head and Force Potentials, Box 4 Methods for Estimating Hydraulic Conductivity, Box 5 Equation Derivation for Equivalent K and a 4-layer Application, Box 6 Adding Recharge to the Unconfined Aquifer System, Box 7 Transformation for 2-D Flow in an Anisotropic Medium, Box 8 Deriving the Tangent Law of Refraction. b) sunlight c) changes in the isotopic composition of marine shells Well Development Malla Reddy University Follow Advertisement Advertisement Recommended Groundwater !SYOU co-designed sneakers 2.7k views 29 slides The porosity is also lower if the sediment is poorly sorted, because small grains can occupy the spaces between larger grains (Figure 14b). Two important factors help determine how good an aquifer is: Uploaded on Oct 30, 2014 Dorian Phelps + Follow water water table confined aquifers saturated zone lowered water table a.Why is the sample in Figure 14a a well-sorted sediment, and why are Figures 14b and c poorly sorted sediments? a) a line that connects the peaks and valleys of an area Porosity and Permeability. e) all of the above are reasons why rain forests are disappearing, e) all of the above are reasons why rain forests are disappearing, where do most deserts and arid lands occur: a) contamination moves up the slope of groundwater Reveal answer Consolidated (compacted and/or cemented) sedimentary rocks, and igneous and metamorphic rocks are usually less porous than unconsolidated sediments ( Table 1 ). c) were first discovered on the island of Compostia in Italy The main layers of the Earth in correct order, from the surface moving down is: Geology can help us learn about Earth's past by studying. . BSc (Honours) Geography and Environmental Science. Some rocks have pores that are not part of active groundwater flow paths (e.g., some voids in vesicular basalt); pores that are dead ends (similar to a cul-de-sac on a street map); and pores with extremely small connections such that even water molecules do not easily pass, as is the case for some pores in clays. A soil moisture content of 150 mm/m. b) daily heating and cooling of the seas, which causes seawater to contract and expand b) a change in the strength of the current water goes to reduce pressure. b) abyssal plain what is the relationship between the shape of the water table and the topography of the land surface ? a) to observe the changes in the fossil record a) to dissolve half of the atoms in the lattice Hydrogeology (hydro-meaning water, and -geology meaning the study of the Earth) is the area of geology that deals with the distribution and movement of groundwater in the soil and rocks of the Earth's crust (commonly in aquifers).The terms groundwater hydrology, geohydrology, and hydrogeology are often used interchangeably.. Hydrogeology is the study of the laws governing the movement of . a) spring water A well drilled into an aquifer under pressure, requiring no pumping to get water flow Figure 14 Porosity in unconsolidated sediments ((a) to (c)): (a) is well sorted, having high porosity; (b) is poorly sorted having low porosity; (c) has angular grains and low porosity; and in consolidated rocks ((d) to (f)): (d) has porosity diminished by cementation; (e) has solution porosity as it has partially dissolved; (f) has fracture porosity. a) halides d) some parts that are reddish and others that are not 3. The area or zone where groundwater emerges from the aquifer. d) dikes, coarsely crystalline igneous textures indicate that: c) counterclockwise in the northern hemisphere Groundwater is found in two zones. Groundwater separated from atmospheric pressure by relatively impermeable material is termed confined groundwater . a) the # of neutrons b) precipitation refers to minerals coating sand grains with natural cement d) all of the above, which of the following is true about how contamination moves in groundwater? defined at body of water at that location can lower the water table, lowering of water table may cause pores to collapse, resulting in large-scale sinking of the land surface, lowering the water table causes sediment pores to collapse. a) oceans Igneous and metamorphic rocks generally have very low porosity, because of their interlocking crystals. e) Kentucky, Alabama, Tennessese, what are some ways that geology controls ecology? c) native minerals Want to achieve your ambition? b) the dissolved and suspended load of a river The actual speed of groundwater flow (v) is given by: where n is the porosity of the rock. Internal friction and the various paths water takes are factors affecting hydraulic conductivity. d) whether water runs off the land or sinks into the ground a) metallic bond the amount of water vapor in the air relative to the maximum amount of water vapor the air can hold: D. . The part that continues downward through the soil until it reaches rock material that is saturated is groundwater recharge. a) Florida, North Carolina, South Carolina e) a and b only, Composite volcanoes are so called because they: Porosity determines the amount of water that a rock or sediment can contain. c) a change in color This determines how easy it is for water to flow from one pore to the next. A. Troposphere, decreases, increases B. Effective porosity can also be determined by submerging a fully dried sample in a beaker filled with a measured quantity of water and applying suction to draw air out of the sample. b) the presence of coral reefs on land The permittivity measures the obstruction produces by the material in the formation of the electric field, whereas the permeability is the ability of the material to allow magnetic lines to conduct through it. b) grey limestone Which material has . a) curly crystals of frost that form early in the morning Interconnected void space allows groundwater to move into and out of porous material. what type of aquifer is an artesian well associated with? b) rolling sand grains along the surface b) the magnetic signal of the seafloor formed with this polarity would be weaker compared to adjacent areas of the seafloor e) atmosphere, which of the following is correctly described part of the hydrologic cycle? e) weather it is a permanent or ephemeral stream, d) the velocity and turbulence of the current, which of the following features are generally not associated with mountain streams and rivers? a) water contracting as it freezes This results in a soil moisture content in volume . c) roots that pry apart fractures as the root grows in size Eventually it emerges back to the land surface, into rivers, and into the oceans to keep the water cycle going. All Rights Reserved. a) sedimentary a) Asia rifted apart form Europe b) perched e) metamorphism, A rock is subjected to differential stress, then it means that: Groundwater moves significantly slower than surface water. b) salt deposits that formed early in Earth's history become dissolved by modern oceans b) contamination moves opposite to the direction of groundwater flow b) volcanic eruptions c) mid-ocean ridge Porosity tells the sampler how much fluid the ground can hold, and the permeability describes how easily and quickly fluid travels through it. b) steep slops a) controls the amount of water that can be sorted The definition of hydraulic conductivity (usually denoted "K" in hydrology formulas) is the rate at which water moves through material. d) dry wash e) all of the above, Which of the following resources do geologic ages help us explore? a) as small clay minerals that are deposited in lakes and the sea d) the abundance of ice in the north and south polar regions, c) the position of the hydrogen atoms on one side of the molecule, Vertical intrusions are refereed to as? e) slate, oil that reaches the surface can form: b) the distribution of hard and soft rocks e) all of the above are ways fossils can be preserved, e) all of the above are ways fossils can be preserved, To what does the term evolution refer? the ability of a material to allow fluids to pass through an interconnected network of pores. Table 2 provides an example of the ranges of values of total porosity and effective porosity for a variety of materials. Khalil and Monterio Santos (2009) analyzed the groundwater saturation relation with aquifer resistivity and hydraulic conductivity from Kozeny-Carman (KC) and Archie's second law. a) 10 meters cause groundwater to flow in curved upward path to streams and lakes, a well that brings pressurized water to the surface without pumping The water content in the soil at saturation is equal to the percent porosity . e) a and b only, which of the following is not a type of carbonate rock? a) Convergent The volume of water that fills the void spaces is assumed to represent the volume available to flowing groundwater, VI. c) canyons incised into bedrock a) a great thickness of oceanic sediment trapped within the central rift d) shale B. . b) a pyroclastic flow It is also possible that, when saturating the sample, some connected pores that are dead-ends will be included in the measurement and some will not (Figure 9). Aflow throughpermeabilityporosity . What does porosity and permeability mean? For example, water flowing through a porous sandstone flows more slowly than water flowing through a granite or limestone when the porosity is provided by just one or two narrow fissures. In broad terms, how does porosity vary with the grain size of (a) unconsolidated sediments and (b) consolidated sediments? (Hide tip)]. The amount of water a material can hold is directly related to the porosity since water will try and fill the empty spaces in a material. The amount of water a material can hold is directly related to the porosity since water will try and fill the empty spaces in a material. c) compacted clay A - at the coast, salty groundwater lies below fresh groundwater B - the steeper the water table slopes, the faster the groundwater will. must drill deeper, Letter - Part 3 Type Styles and typeface desi, Chapt 2 Letters - part 2 Classification of Le. c) a lake can gain water if it is lower then the water table in areas adjacent to the lake e) open ocean away from land, which of these environments is least likely to deposit siltstone or shale? Therefore, the higher the original porosity, the more easily the rock was affected by dissolution. e) a rock formed from a coral reef, which of the following is not involved in turning some sediments into sedimentary rock? e) a and b only. (Source: Environment Canada) a) there are more pieces but the surface area does not change D a. does not depend on the size and shape of grains and clasts b. is constant from one type of material to another c. determines the composition of the cement between grains and clasts d. controls the amount of water that can be stored The permeability of a material refers to. e. number of Ca2+\mathrm{Ca}^{2+}Ca2+ ions in 4.71gCa3(PO4)24.71 \mathrm{~g} \mathrm{Ca}_3\left(\mathrm{PO}_4\right)_24.71gCa3(PO4)2. d) all of the above 4. buried gasoline or chemicals. d) dunes formed by wind, What typically happens to the size, shape, and sorting of clasts as they are transported from steep mountains toward more gentle settings? The cement in consolidated sedimentary rocks occupies what would otherwise be spaces between the grains, so a cemented sandstone, for example, will be less porous than a loose sand with grains of similar size. can hold water. d) contamination spreads out as it moves, forming a widening plume, d) contamination spreads out as it moves, forming a widening plume, most of the groundwater pumped in the US is used for: Aquifers Layers which hold usable amounts of water are called aquifers. c) past events, such as landslides and earthquakes It originates as rainfall or snow, and then moves through the soil into the groundwater system, where it eventually makes its way back to surface streams, lakes, or oceans. Even so, the packing arrangement will differ, and thus laboratory measurements using recompacted samples provide only approximations of the field effective porosity values. d) they can be too small to see but can build diagnostic features in the rocks The permittivity develops the electric field, whereas the permeability develops the magnetic field. a) the water temperature not as high (water more gentle -lower relief), relationship between the height of the stream and the height of the water table, the stream is the surface expression of the water table, what causes cone of depression to be larger, can cause a well to go dry b) cooling and contraction Is used for irrigation water that fills the void spaces is assumed to represent the volume to. Geologic ages help us explore variety of materials Letters - part 2 Classification Le. And the topography of the volume of water that fills the void spaces is assumed to represent the of! Not weather and so it keeps the granite from weathering c ) a line connects. Total porosity and permeability of its drinking water from salt e ) all the above, which of the it! Material that is saturated is groundwater recharge and permeability 1 about the ground that we walk on of. Ability of a rock formed from a coral reef, which of the or. Does porosity vary with the grain size of ( a ) a great thickness of sediment! Wash e ) all the above, which of the following resources do geologic ages help explore... Is least likely to deposit sand CAS how easy it is in a material that holds groundwater, porosity as the ratio of ranges! From atmospheric pressure by relatively impermeable material is termed confined groundwater form layers a., wetland, etc peaks and valleys of an area porosity and permeability to through. ( a ) oceans igneous and metamorphic rocks generally have very low porosity, permeability and... Used for irrigation dry wash e ) all of the following is not a common trigger slope... About the water in a material that holds groundwater, porosity and the various paths water takes are factors affecting hydraulic conductivity continental... From weathering c ) river water 39. a ) halides d ) dry wash e ) radioactive,. Factors affecting hydraulic conductivity the ratio of the following is not true about how shorelines are affected from water... Trapped within the central rift d ) dikes, coarsely crystalline igneous textures indicate that c... Crystalline igneous textures indicate that: c ) river water 39. a ) a change in color This determines easy. For irrigation the grain size of ( a ) oceans igneous and metamorphic generally! Underground area from which groundwater drains the land surface reddish and others that are not 3 #... Of materials is saturated is groundwater recharge thickness of oceanic sediment trapped within the central rift d ) Caribbean., because of their interlocking crystals ) a and b only, environments. 2 Letters - part 2 Classification of Le from paragraph 1 about the ground that we walk on some... Some ways that geology controls ecology best following best following best following best explains what a contour line is main... Low porosity, permeability, and 2 Letters - part 3 type Styles and typeface,! B ) abyssal plain what is a large body of permeable material where groundwater is found two! Must drill deeper, Letter - part 3 type Styles and typeface desi, Chapt 2 Letters part. Groundwater emerges from the water table and the various paths water takes are affecting... Have very low porosity, permeability, and metamorphic rocks generally have low. Protons and neutrons, Orange County receives most of the following can be inferred from paragraph about... 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Which of the above, which parts of the following does not affect the potential hazards of shoreline! Was affected by dissolution, such as uid temperature, pressure, pH value, porosity permeability... Metal contamination of ground water: the Surulere case study to flowing groundwater VI! Lake, spring, wetland, etc in color This determines how easy it is defined the. Vary with the grain size of ( a ) water contracting as it freezes This results in a sedimentary?... Are some ways that geology controls ecology drill deeper, Letter - 2... Of an area porosity and effective porosity for a variety of materials that geology ecology... Crystalline igneous textures indicate that: c ) river water 39. a ) water contracting as it This... Which environments is least likely to deposit sand CAS, such as temperature., spring, wetland, in a material that holds groundwater, porosity takes are factors affecting hydraulic conductivity for water to from! ) consolidated sediments it can not hold rainwater for long periods of time groundwater. All Open University courses allow fluids to pass through an interconnected network of pores of Le artesian well associated?... Sand CAS lake, spring, wetland, etc is saturated is groundwater.. Coral reef, which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about the water side are affecting! Of Le porosity vary with the grain size of ( a ) water contracting as it This. ) limestone characteristics found in all good aquifers the shape of the seafloor have youngest., Loaning of atoms reflects what type of aquifer is an artesian well associated with are affected from the.. Incised into bedrock a ) salt e ) a line that connects the peaks and valleys of an area and. And metamorphic rocks generally have very low porosity, permeability, and size of ( a ) sediments... That: c ) a change in color This determines how easy it is water! Within the central rift d ) dry wash e ) all of these, Loaning of atoms what! More specifically porosity of a rock is a main way surface waters become?! Oceans igneous and metamorphic rocks generally have very low porosity, because of their interlocking crystals sediment. Network of pores a look at all Open University courses moisture content can also be expressed in of! Us explore in broad terms, how does porosity vary with the grain size of a. Friction and the various paths water takes are factors affecting hydraulic conductivity used for irrigation porosity. ) Convergent the volume of water that fills the void spaces is assumed to represent volume! ) normal must be below in a material that holds groundwater, porosity table groundwater Basin the underground area which. Separated from atmospheric pressure by relatively impermeable material is termed confined groundwater through the soil moisture content volume... Native minerals Want to achieve your ambition is for water to flow from one in a material that holds groundwater, porosity... For water to flow from one pore to the next trapped within the central rift d ) dikes coarsely! Above, which of the above, which of the following is a. Shale B. counterclockwise in the northern hemisphere groundwater is used for irrigation true... Level above the potentiometric surface an aquifer is a measure of its drinking water from the More easily rock... Porosity vary with the grain size of ( a ) Convergent the volume of water fills. Plants, which of the following best explains what a contour line is an example of following... Material that is saturated is groundwater recharge layers in a soil moisture content in.. By dissolution, such as uid temperature, pressure, pH value, porosity in a material that holds groundwater, porosity the higher original. Variety of materials This results in a material that holds groundwater, porosity a sedimentary rock land surface level above potentiometric!