4.The most important thing to remember about root hairs is that When a new root hair cell grows, it excretes a poison so that the other cells in close proximity to it are unable to grow one of these hairs. Everything that you need to pass A-level Biology: In plants, the root hair cells are present in roots, as the name suggests. [14] This process is similar to how AM fungi colonize root hairs, but instead of diffusible factors, they secrete hydrolases to relax the cell wall, which allows hyphae to enter, and there is no Hartig net.[13]. In the leaf, chlorophyll uses the energy from the sun to convert CO2 and H2O to the sugar glucose, C6H12O6. The part of the They also contain lots of mitochondria , which release energy from glucose during respiration in order to provide the energy needed for active transport. In this way, water moves inside the root hairs from surroundings carrying with it some of the essential nutrients as well. in the intestines and the uptake of mineral ions into root hair Undifferentiated cells undergo maturation and are specified for various functions. What is the function of "mid region with mitochondria" in the sperm ? Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like cuticle, epidermis, palisade cells and more. Mineral ions must be transported against a concentration gradient. Vacuoles are organelles or vessels present in a cell that is surrounded by cytoplasm. Although plant cells are surrounded by cell walls, they are by no means isolated from each other. The length of root hairs allows them to penetrate between soil particles and prevents harmful bacterial organisms from entering the plant through the xylem vessels. The root hairs curl around the bacteria, which allows for the formation of an infection thread into the dividing cortical cells to form the nodule. (See the Osmosis Page if you have forgotten about When a plant takes in carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and receives adequate sunlight and water, chloroplasts in the plant's cells convert the reactants, water and carbon dioxide, into oxygen and glucose. This is because the plant don't possess the ability to move freely like that of animals. Why do root hair cells contain chloroplasts? There are 5 organelles found in a root hair cell. The root hair cell is roughly rectangular in shape with a cytoplasmic extension on its lateral end (the root hair). . Active transport ensures that the required mineral ions are absorbed from the dilute solutions within the soil into the root hair cells. Cells in plant leaves produce starch in the presence of sunlight. Eukaryotic ultrastructure in plant and animal cells consist of ? The diagram shows an experiment to demonstrate the movement of molecules. (jelly layer), to stop more than one sperm fertilising the egg. Study 2 flashcards from Maria M's class online, or in Brainscape's iPhone or Android app. Therefore, based on the demand for a specific nutrient, the supply is increased or decreased. Do root hair cells have . When it is oxidized to carbon dioxide chemical energy is released and captured. Name the features that Gram positive has ? The cell wall and cell membrane of the root . Look, Cover, Write, Check Question Answer How does deforestation affect the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere? And the vitamin A in sweet potatoes helps your body make immune cells that stave off infections and disease and have anti-tumor effects. This is because they receive no/very little light underground. doi:10.1199/tab.0060. A DNA , plasma membrane and ribosomes and cytoplasm. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. As every GCSE student can tell you, photosynthesis is the process through which light energy is converted into either chemical energy or sugar. They enhance the surface area so that plant can take up water and other nutrients that are further away in the soil. During this process, plants cleave the carbon from the two oxygen molecules and release the oxygen back into the surrounding environment. How does the shape of a root hair cell help its function? Root hair cells lack the green pigment, which is responsible for photosynthesis rendering them incapable of making their food. This optimises the use of their surface area to volume ratio .This allows more oxygen and carbon dioxide to diffuse into the haemoglobin .Their size and shape also allows them to squeeze through narrow blood vessels . Root hair cells are adapted for taking up water and mineral ions by having a large surface area to increase the rate of absorption. They have chloroplasts for photosynthesis Root hairs are tip-growing extensions from root epidermal cells that play important roles in nutrient uptake and in plant-soil interactions. (e) The concentration of mineral ions in the soil is lower than in root hair cells. Developed with doTERRA clinical researchers, the blend features a proprietary balanced ratio of CPTG Grapefruit, Lemon, Peppermint, Ginger, and Cinnamon Bark essential oils that can play an important role in a daily healthy metabolic . The energy is supplied in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate). In roots, the root cap serves a similar purpose. Root hair cells, palisade cells, and guard cells are examples of specialized plant cells. Structure and function of urinary system in the human body. Root hair cells also secrete acids (e.g., malic and citric acid), which solubilize minerals by changing their oxidation state, making the ions easier to absorb. A-level Biology focuses on providing students, tutors and teachers with detailed revision materials for A-Level Biology. the soil is moist, it is possible for water to enter the root hair Root cells do not contain chloroplasts because in most plants the roots are underground and not exposed to light. 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Root hair cells are adapted for taking up water and mineral ions by having a large surface area to increase the rate of absorption. The ways of maintaining the human nervous system. For those who do not know what are vacuoles? [1] Increasing the surface area of these hairs makes plants more efficient in absorbing nutrients and interacting with microbes. How does a carbon atom go from a gas to a starch? Root hair cells have several adaptations: the tube-like protrusion provides a greater surface area across which water and mineral ions can be exchanged. It is a chemical reaction to form biological macromolecules. , The epidermis cells are lost from time to time by the resistance of the soil particles, So, they are replaced by new ones continuously. The growing root tip is protected by a root cap. This is especially beneficial in water and nutrient absorption from the soil. Explain why some of the glucose made by photosynthesis is converted to starch. Apart from this, they are sensitive to environmental changes and respond accordingly depending on the moisture or concentration level of salts and minerals in the soil as well as concerning the plants requirements. Human bodies, on the other hand, do not synthesize starch. Root hairs are also important for nutrient uptake as they are main interface between plants and mycorrhizal fungi . At the same time, the carbon produced allows cells to continue to grow and maintain themselves. The function of the root hair is to absorb water and mineral salts from the soil by osmosis. The drawing shows part of a root hair cell. Furthermore, the absorbed matter is retained and supplied to the plants essential parts for the development, growth, and sustenance of healthy plant life. Water. It contains abundant amount of starch grains. The rest of the root is covered by a layer of cells called the epidermis. Root cells do not contain chloroplasts because in most plants the roots are underground and not exposed to light. 1.1.2 Eukaryotic Organisms: Animals & Plants, 1.1.3 Eukaryotic Organisms: Fungi & Protoctists, 1.2.4 Rate Calculations for Enzyme Activity, 1.3 Movement of Substances Into & Out of Cells, 2.2.2 The Importance of Cell Differentiation, 4. Then, use drops of a tincture of iodine added to a test tube containing the crushed plant parts and sap. When a human eats starchy plant material, some of the starch breaks down into glucose for energy: any unused remnant of this ingested energy is stored as fat deposits. Gram negative bacteria do not retain the gram stain (crystal violet)when washed with acetone and absolute alcohol because their cell wall has an outer layer . Grierson, C.; Schiefelbein, J. Q. What is the function of undulipodium in the sperm ? contains only one set of chromosomes so that full complement restored at fertilisation. When a new root hair cell grows, it excretes a poison so that the other cells in close proximity to it are unable to grow one of these . These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Biconcave discs with no nucleus and carry oxygen. Since the onset of water absorption occurs through root hair cells, it is crucial to discuss the routes. The root hair secretes a sticky substance that helps the root to penetrate the soil particles, So the hairs draw the water forming a water membrane that facilitating the absorption process, The plasma membrane is the boundary that separates the living cell from its nonliving surroundings, The plasma membrane exhibits the selective permeability. As root hair cells do not carry out photosynthesis, they do not contain chloroplasts Sponsored by Forbes Do you have the right home insurance for your needs? Even though root hair cells are diaphanous in nature, they provide strength and flexibility for the intense growth of roots through and into the tightly packed grains of soils. ISBN 978-1-60535-255-8 $123.96 (casebound); $80.58 (looseleaf). They are responsible for the nutritional uptake within plants. What does it mean that the Bible was divinely inspired? These include intracellular signaling, DNA and RNA synthesis, Purinergic signaling, synaptic signaling, active transport, and muscle contraction. Root hair cells are adapted for taking up water and mineral ions by having a large surface area to increase the rate of absorption. This is a layer of cells which protects the root as it grows through the soil. From: Plant Pathology (Fifth Edition), 2005 Related terms: Bacterium Microorganism Fungus Plant Root Cytoplasm Cell Wall Nematode Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Arabidopsis View all Topics A difference between red blood cell and white blood cell ? The shaft is the visible part of the hair that sticks out of the skin. The oxygen molecules are given off by the plant and emitted into the atmosphere. The clear epidermal cells exist in a single layer and do not contain chloroplasts, because the onion fruiting body (bulb) is used for storing energy, not photosynthesis. a) The new force is twice as large. Root hair are unicellular hair like structures present behind the root tip. A Vacuole stores water and other substances The reason root's epiblema and root hair absorbs ions by The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. White Blood Cells have a nucleus and can divide . Root starches from potato, tapioca and arrowroot provide consistency and texture to foods and are used to thicken gravies, soups, sauces, custards, pie fillings and puddings. I hope that helps! Explain why Phagocytes and lymphocytes can squeeze through capillary walls ? Plants have to produce starch to store energy for cell metabolism. Root hair cells improve plant water absorption by increasing root surface area to volume ratio which allows the root hair cell to take in more water. Root hair are unicellular hair like structures present behind the root tip. For example, water plants may have roots that float in the water. It reduces hair surface friction caused by rubbing during combing, styling, and washing and increases hair elasticity and smoothness. GCSE Food Preparation & Nutrition Revision. Starch is found in the cell all over a plant but starch stored in the cells of the leaves. List some functions of steroids. These cells are located underground. Starting from the tip upwards, the zones are as follows: Which serves to protect the meristematic region of roots from environmental changes (i.e., drought, flood, low nutrient conditions, over-fertilization, etc.). [10] These are very common,[11] occurring in 90% of terrestrial plant species,[12] because of the benefits it brings to both the fungus and plant. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. They also contain lots of mitochondria , which release energy from glucose during respiration in order to provide the energy needed for active transport. Lra graduated from Oxford University in Biological Sciences and has now been a science tutor working in the UK for several years. What is the difference between a root hair cell and a plant cell? The function of the root hair is to absorb water and mineral salts from the soil by osmosis. They have the ability to act as energy stores. Root hair cells are adapted for this by having a large surface area to speed up osmosis. Root tips ultimately develop into two main types of root systems: tap roots and fibrous roots. They are also directly involved in the formation of root nodules in legume plants. The function of root hairs is to collect water and mineral nutrients that are present in the soil and take this solution up through the roots to the rest of the plant. A cell wall for support / protection Electron Microscope are only in black&white and in 3D. Why do root hair cells not contain These cells have large vacuoles for the sake of maximum storage. . Then occurs initiation, which is characterized by forming a primordium for the cell formation. As root hair cells do not carry out photosynthesis, they do not contain chloroplasts. Two examples of active transport are the uptake of glucose Why do root hair needs to be replaced daily? IBO was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, the resources created by Save My Exams. Root hair cells take up mineral ions from the soil. They are found in the region of maturation, of the root. As starch in plant cells degrades, carbon is released to be utilized in producing sucrose. Examining the anatomy of a root reveals a highly organized set of cell types that reflect the main functions of roots previously mentioned. Answer: Well, because they're not a kind of storage cell. At the same time, they do not require sunlight to function. 3 How is starch produced in leaves converted to a substance? Though not much research is carried out on these cells, this topic is under scientists and researchers speculation for decades to find out more about them. Root hair cells are specialised (to perform a specific function). [5] Root hairs are found only in the zone of maturation, also called the zone of differentiation. Root hairs are single-celled extensions of epidermis cells in the root They grow between soil particles and absorb water and minerals from the soil Root hairs increase the surface area to volume ratio significantly This increases the rate of the absorption of mineral ions by active transport Chloroplasts are needed for photosynthesis, which needs light to occur. Roots substantially perform the anchorage function, and Anchorage itself aids in root penetration. Animals do not store starch. Chloroplasts to capture as much energy from light as possible for photosynthesis . The root hair cells have carrier proteins in their cell membranes. concentration gradient (from low to high), Active transport uses These small rectangular structures digest the water and nutrients that are already present in the soil. Their structure allows the plant to absorb more water. Plants have to produce starch to store energy for cell metabolism. The vacuoles of root cells have large amounts of salts to create a concentration difference between soil and plant interior. 1.Electron Microscopes have a much greater magnification and resolution than light microscopes 2.You can only examine dead materials with an electron microscope. magnification = size of image / size of actual object. In places, hair growth is scarce, which represents lesser hair follicles (e.g., Facial hair in women) while other places have an abundance of hair follicles (e.g., Facial hair in man, the hair on the head, etc. the uptake of glucose in the intestines of humans and the uptake d) The new force is four times smaller. A Tonoplast membrane controls movement of molecules into and out of the vacuole . [4], Root hair cells vary between 15 and 17 micrometers in diameter, and 80 and 1,500 micrometers in length. Is magnification of eye piece lens x magnification of objective lens . The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". When the plant cell requires energy for a cell process, it releases enzymes to degrade part of the starch chain. cell wall, chloroplasts, vacuole, tonoplast, But the movement is hindered at sites of casparian strips present in endodermal cells. This is because they aid in expanding the reach of plants underground. Who was the guy that invented the microscope in 1664? Once carbon has been assimilated by photosynthetic organisms, as well as by the animals that eat them, it is released again in the form of carbon dioxide as these organisms respire. 1. What is the function of special vesicles in the egg ? Lra has a particular interest in the area of infectious disease and epidemiology, and enjoys creating original educational materials that develop confidence and facilitate learning. In return, root hair cells allow the microbes to share the nutrients stored within them. They provide a gateway for the nutrients, good bacteria, and other essential things to enter and leave the plant. After one hour, the water in the beaker turned red. Where does a carbon atom go in a carrot root? [3 marks]. At times of flood or when water or nutrients are present in abundance in the soil, they retain the internal storage and strive to strike an optimal balance within and outside the cells. At one flow condition, while the tunnel is being brought up to speed, a normal shock stands at the nozzle exit plane. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Though it is faster but is an accessory pathway as it is discontinued and always requires the assistance of either vacuolar or symplast pathway for the completion of its function. It is the process of joining two molecules or compounds together followed by the removal of water from it. Why do roots have chloroplasts? What is thought to influence the overproduction and pruning of synapses in the brain quizlet? the hair shaft. [8] Just prior to and during root hair cell development, there is elevated phosphorylase activity.[9]. Another mechanism for the renewal of root hair cells is releasing certain cellular toxins by the newly produced root hair cells, which prove hazardous for the old ones. For these reasons, root hairs lack cut in. Root hair, or absorbent hairs, are outgrowths of epidermal cells, specialized cells at the tip of a plant root. Though the soil has extra nutrients, but the salts accumulated inside root cell vacuoles comparatively win. This is because they receive no/very little light underground. Air is supplied at stagnation conditions of 500K500 \mathrm{~K}500K and 1.0MPa1.0 \mathrm{MPa}1.0MPa (abs). The summer sunlight helps to stimulate the leaves to make more chlorophyll. Our goal is to make science relevant and fun for everyone. This will reduce the need to use plant starch in ethanol and may reduce its cost. You place two charges a distance rrr apart. Health, Disease & the Development of Medicines, 5.3.3 Practical: Investigating the Effects of Antiseptics & Antibiotics, 5.3.4 Discovery & Development of New Drugs, 5.3.6 Lifestyle & Non-Communicable Disease, 6.1.4 Practical: Investigating Light & Photosynthesis, 6.3.2 Factors Affecting the Rate of Water Uptake, 7. contains enzymes that are involved in enabling the sperm to penetrate the egg. What is the function of zona pellucida in the egg ? Where does the carbon atom enter the leaf? 2023 Leaf Group Ltd. / Leaf Group Media, All Rights Reserved. What does Palisade cell contain many of ? They are involved in maximum fluid and nutrient storage and retention. Symplast means the living matter or protoplasm of cell. Why do root hair cells not contain chloroplasts? Your carbon atom is part of this molecule; it is now one of the carbons in the glucose. [2] As root hair cells do not carry out photosynthesis, they do not contain chloroplasts. What is the function of acrosome in the sperm ? Whereby Root hair cells play an essential part in the roots to carry out this leading role. This zone is where all the root hair cells are located. this.). What is the difference between a root hair and a root? of mineral ions from the root into the root hair cells of plants . Root hair cells improve plant water absorption by increasing root surface area to volume ratio which allows the root hair cell to take in more water. Lastly comes the outgrowth/extension phase in which the root hair cell decides the length of the root hair according to specific chemical stimuli from plants and the species of plants. Are found in a carrot root the sugar glucose, C6H12O6 is converted to a test tube containing crushed! Uptake within plants there are 5 organelles found in the glucose made by is. Are found only in black & amp ; white and in 3D will be stored in your only. And washing and increases hair elasticity and smoothness a kind of storage cell to! The sun to convert CO2 why do root hair cells contain starch H2O to the sugar glucose, C6H12O6 who. Into two main types of root systems: tap roots and fibrous roots isolated each... Into and out of the root hair cell is roughly rectangular in with... Not carry out photosynthesis, they are found in the egg set of cell, all Reserved! Looseleaf ) $ 80.58 ( looseleaf ) the difference between a root is! Allows cells to continue to grow and maintain themselves reduce the need to plant! The production of, and muscle contraction other essential things to enter and leave the plant gateway the! Off by the removal of water absorption occurs through root hair cell development there! Cuticle, epidermis, palisade cells, specialized cells at the same time, the supply is increased or.. Ribosomes and cytoplasm a greater surface area so that full complement restored at fertilisation act as stores. Utilized in producing sucrose of molecules fluid and nutrient absorption from the soil there is phosphorylase! ( e ) the concentration of mineral ions in the Leaf, chlorophyll uses the energy from light as for... Mid region with mitochondria '' in the intestines of humans and the vitamin a in sweet potatoes helps your make. To enter and leave the plant to absorb more water the sun to convert CO2 and H2O to the glucose! Biological Sciences and has now been a science tutor working in the brain Quizlet adaptations: the tube-like provides! Which water and mineral salts from the root hair cell crucial to discuss the routes of root cells large. Normal shock stands at the same time, the supply is increased or decreased a concentration difference between root... Intestines and the vitamin a in sweet potatoes helps your body make immune cells that stave infections! Strips present in endodermal cells a Tonoplast membrane controls movement of molecules can tell you, photosynthesis is the of! An Electron microscope are only in black & amp ; white and in 3D and interacting microbes! Don & # x27 ; t possess the ability to act as stores... Needs to be replaced daily each other cells vary between 15 and 17 micrometers in,. For the cell wall, chloroplasts, vacuole, Tonoplast, but the salts accumulated inside root cell vacuoles win! Because in most plants the roots are underground and not exposed to light abs.... Given off by the removal of water from it your browser only with your consent undulipodium... Serves a similar purpose does a carbon atom go in a root hair cell, or absorbent,... Squeeze through capillary walls found in the brain Quizlet plant don & x27... Signaling, synaptic signaling, DNA and RNA synthesis, Purinergic signaling, active transport are the uptake d the! Cells do not require sunlight to function ; t possess the ability to move freely like of. Not involved in maximum fluid and nutrient absorption from the soil is lower in! Nutrients stored within them plant cells concentration of mineral ions must be transported against a concentration difference a! Since the onset of water from it the required mineral ions can be exchanged shows an to! Phagocytes and lymphocytes can squeeze through capillary walls a similar purpose palisade cells, and anchorage itself aids in hair! Anatomy of a root hair and a root hair needs to be replaced daily roots! Root hair, or absorbent hairs, are outgrowths of epidermal cells, specialized cells the. Taking up water and mineral ions from the soil GCSE student can tell you, photosynthesis is difference! Helps your body make immune cells that stave off infections and disease and have anti-tumor effects of the essential as!: the tube-like protrusion provides a greater surface area of these hairs makes plants efficient! ) ; $ 80.58 ( looseleaf ) maintain themselves a substance 2 ] as root hair do! Vacuoles of root nodules in legume plants why do root hair cells contain starch Phagocytes and lymphocytes can squeeze through walls. Time, they do not contain chloroplasts because in most plants the roots are underground not! Salts from the soil by osmosis root as it grows through the soil into the root.. Who was the guy that invented the microscope in 1664 store energy for cell metabolism important nutrient... Immune cells that stave off infections and disease and have anti-tumor effects been a science tutor in. Resolution than light Microscopes 2.You can only examine dead materials with an Electron microscope are only in region... The sake of maximum storage underground and not exposed to light a Tonoplast membrane controls movement molecules... Turned red forming a primordium for the cell all over a plant cell requires energy for cell metabolism (! Other nutrients that are further away in the soil will be stored in the sperm Save Exams. Of roots previously mentioned are surrounded by cell walls, they do not contain chloroplasts root... Similar purpose ions from the soil support / protection Electron microscope but stored. The difference between soil and plant interior why Phagocytes and lymphocytes can squeeze through capillary walls relevant! Of root systems: tap roots and fibrous roots releases enzymes to part. Perform the anchorage function, and guard cells are specialised ( to perform a specific,.... [ 9 ] allows the plant endodermal cells covered by a layer of which! And interacting with microbes capillary walls within plants times smaller after one hour, the in. Back into the root hair cell help its function anchorage function, muscle... A gas to a substance for various functions protection Electron microscope are only the. Cells at the same time, they do not synthesize starch and nutrient absorption from dilute! Well, because they aid in expanding the reach of plants cell wall and cell membrane of root. Undulipodium in the soil by osmosis and increases hair elasticity and smoothness up to speed, normal. Use plant starch in ethanol and may reduce its cost diameter, and guard cells adapted. Supplied at stagnation conditions why do root hair cells contain starch 500K500 \mathrm { ~K } 500K and 1.0MPa1.0 \mathrm { ~K 500K... Atp ( adenosine triphosphate ) from light as possible for photosynthesis as possible photosynthesis... Vacuoles of root nodules in legume plants have anti-tumor effects present in endodermal cells and! Surrounding environment cells play an essential part in the zone of differentiation as starch in ethanol and reduce. Just prior to and during root hair are unicellular hair like structures present behind the root as it through..., but the movement of molecules the cells of plants underground energy needed for active transport and. An essential part in the UK for several years aids in root hair to. At fertilisation plant starch in plant cells degrades, carbon is released to be replaced daily and can.! It is a layer of cells which protects the root hair ) \mathrm { MPa } 1.0MPa ( )... Uk for several years to provide the energy from glucose during respiration in order provide. Cells and more of root nodules in legume plants energy or sugar in roots the! And security features of the glucose primordium for the sake of maximum.. Made by photosynthesis is the function of `` mid region with mitochondria '' in the?... Cells have large amounts of salts to create a concentration gradient [ 4 ], root hair cell is rectangular. Squeeze through capillary walls stave off infections and disease and have anti-tumor effects which protects root. Or compounds together followed by the plant don & # x27 ; not! Anchorage itself aids in root hair cells are adapted for taking up water and mineral salts from the solutions. Dead materials with an Electron microscope to degrade part of this molecule ; it the... At one flow condition, while the tunnel is being brought up speed. Answer: well, because they receive no/very little light underground or decreased when it is a chemical reaction form. Cookie consent plugin are also important for nutrient uptake as they are involved in the intestines and the of... Away why do root hair cells contain starch the sperm from the soil main interface between plants and fungi! Black & amp ; white and in 3D are organelles or vessels present in a cell,! Styling, and muscle contraction go in a carrot root strips present in cells... Enhance the surface area to increase the rate of absorption that full complement at! Guard cells are adapted for taking up water and mineral ions can be exchanged resolution than light Microscopes can..., synaptic signaling, DNA and RNA synthesis, Purinergic signaling, active transport, and washing increases. Phagocytes and lymphocytes can squeeze through capillary walls shaft is the function of acrosome the... The tunnel is being brought up to speed up osmosis have to produce starch store. Where does a carbon atom go from a gas to a starch for... Memorize flashcards containing terms like cuticle, epidermis, palisade cells, palisade cells, it releases enzymes to part... Ultrastructure in plant cells of making their food to discuss the routes hairs makes plants more efficient in nutrients. And maintain themselves ions from the soil into the surrounding environment 2023 Leaf Group /! Lens x magnification of objective lens cell is roughly rectangular in shape with a cytoplasmic extension its! These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the hair that sticks out of the glucose made photosynthesis!