More than 240,000 households citywide (40% of all households) are forced to spend 30% or more of their income on housing. Philadelphia, like other Rust Belt cities, slowly started its transition from an industrial city to a postindustrial city. Theres a magic in that. A NYC cannabis community space is harming their workers and Black-led businesses, Industrialized water containment projects ignore the needs of Indigenous communities, Proudly powered by Newspack by Automattic. Churches and synagogues, relics of the neighborhoods immigrant past, were converted to market-rate lofts. Disinvestment only intensified after the financial crisis of 2008, as banks tightened up loan requirements and refused to extend credit to the most blighted areas. In Philadelphia, you can see many neighborhoods experienced gentrification, the map shows. South Street, its once-bustling commercial thoroughfare, lost customers to suburban shopping malls. This photograph from 2009 shows Main Street filled with shoppers during the Manayunk Arts Festival, an annual event that brings together hundreds of artists and tens of thousands of visitors. Sign up for Prisms newsletter to get first access to news and analysis that makes you thinkand act. When did . Typical buzzwords but the employees seem to demand that ownership be transferred to said queer BIPOC employees because of gentrification, reparations, and harm reduction, etc. In 1970, the neighborhood was nearly 50 percent Black. With the rapid loss of human and monetary resources in the central city and the expansion of wealthier, primarily white suburbs, the stage had been set for gentrification in Greater Philadelphia. Johnson says one small breakthrough came when they helped defend a resident facing an immediate eviction and were able to stop that process. Society Hill Towers claimed five acres of that area; the rest of the space, seen in this 1965 aerial image, was filled with other commercial buildings and landscaped parks by 1977. Penns expansion originally centered on Locust Walk. Residents resisted these displacement efforts as well, although ultimately the universitiesPenn, Drexel, and University of the Sciences, which is now part of Saint Josephs Universitywon out with the federal governments backing, and thousands of Black residents were dispersed to other parts of the city. Southwarks fortunes had begun to fade after World War II. More by Jared Ware. About 75 people took part in the event, held four days before a critical vote at a Zoning Board of Adjustments hearing. As market-rate development proliferated, nearly 110,000 households remained on a waiting list for subsidized or low-cost housing. For years, the extant Black, Polish, and Jewish communities had mobilized to thwart the plan. . After rallying at City Hall, protesters stormed the BIA networking event at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, confronting developers and public officials. Housing activists and residents fight gentrification in West Philadelphia. For the most part, Penn is now a good steward of the neighborhoods it inhabits, he explains. Galleries and restaurants followed the arriving middle class. The late 1970s saw the arrival of thousands of Southeast Asians; in the 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s, they were joined by waves of Indians, Koreans, Chinese, and Mexicans. It remained to be seen if the city could enjoy the fruits of revival without obliterating its legacy of diverse and vibrant neighborhoods. Get 34th Street's newsletter, The Toast, delivered to your inbox every Sunday morning. Historic Landmark for Living, a developer specializing in historic buildings, adapted the Wilbur & Sons factory into one- and two-bedroom apartments, adding to a new dynamic in the Old City neighborhood. Penn also offers incentives for its faculty to reside in nearby West Philadelphia. In describing why the residents have fought so vigorously to defend their homes, UC Townhomes resident Sheldon Davids offered the following remarks at a recent Ruth Wilson Gilmore book talk at the Philadelphia Public Library. Yet by the turn of the twenty-first century, things were changing rapidly in DuBois Seventh Ward. Gentrification had become a policy problem necessitating a public response. Earning a national reputation during the mid-century era of urban renewal, he was featured in Time and Life magazines and was appointed by President Lyndon Johnson to the White House's Conference on Recreation and Natural Beauty. Or does it help low-income communities? Housing activists, university students, and residents have staged protests and encampments to defend low-income housing in UC Townhomes, PHILADELPHIA, PA - APRIL 30: Protestors march over the death of Freddie Gray on April 30, 2015 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. New buildings could reflect modern architectural styles and the owner's tastes, as long as the designs were approved by the Philadelphia Redevelopment Authority. While the pace of Philadelphia-area redevelopment lagged behind other rapidly revitalizing citiesnotably, San Francisco, New York, and Washington, D.C.the specter of displacement troubled government officials and longtime residents alike. This process accelerated after its inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984. Alexander also describes the struggle, and the encampment specifically, as having generated more unity, even providing space for the children in the Townhomes to have a movie night outside, paint, dance, learn to skateboard, and become more directly involved in defending the Townhomes. I live near 40th Lancaster Avenue. There is also gentrification in other parts of West Philadelphia. Green Gentrification in South Philly. Nearly one-third Latino in 1960, the neighborhood was only 14 percent Latino by 1990. As the smoke rose from 6221 Osage Avenue, Philadelphia residents watched through their windows or television screens in a state of stunned disbelief. By 1960, the surrounding suburbs were more populous than Philadelphia itself. West Philadelphia has been called many names over the years. Developed alongside people on the frontlines of injustice, Prism will help deepen your understanding on the most pressing issues of our time. All of the new housing developments are "student housing" for students attending the University . The land finally came under redevelopment after the Toll Brothers purchased the land in 2013 to construct condominiums. Get your copy The 5500 block of Bloyd Street in Germantown, where some homes have been renovated into affordable housing for neighborhood residents. Penn still plans to continue building north of Market and west of 43rd. He mentions the Pennovation Center, housed in an old DuPontowned paint factory. Many hundreds of enterprising individuals did just that. New York: Routledge, 1996. WHYY story by Katie Colaneri. However, due to political and financial disagreements, Bacons vision was never realized. They also converted spacious industrial spaces into arts and music venues. Across the Delaware River, Camden, New Jersey, still awaited significant revitalization. There were also cultural conflicts between old-timers and newcomers. The city filled in Dock Creek in 1784 and paved the new land with stones, creating Dock Street. Jared Ware is a freelance journalist primarily covering social movements and prisoner organizing. In the same period, tax credits helped spur commercial revivals in other historic neighborhoods. Gentrification has been rapidly encroaching upon low-income Black communities nationwide, and has been running rampant in North Philadelphia for the past 15 years. In the 2000s, the effects of gentrification began to spill over into other neighborhoods adjacent to Center City. In West Philadelphia, the University of Pennsylvania worked with the citys Redevelopment Authority, starting in the 1950s, on a massive program of urban renewal that cleared the way for its expansion. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2005. CamdenAftertheFall: Decline and Renewal in a Post-Industrial City. In the West Philadelphia area around Mantua, gentrification is a constant, looming concern. I can't see how that would be positive.. Phyllis Jones Carter owns a business in West Philadelphia and is a longtime . The decline and relocation of the shipping industryon which the neighborhoods longshoremen dependedonly worsened its economic woes. The resident-led struggle to defend these homes has galvanized people in Philadelphia around the defense of housing for Black, Brown, working-class, poor, elderly, and disabled residents. In doing so, it prompted the mass displacement of the neighborhoods poorer residents. In 2020, Philadelphia Housing Action was part of the core of another dynamic housing struggle in the city. Gentrification could not occur without the initial separation of Greater Philadelphias residents by class, race, and country of origin. And gentrification is only now beginning to take root north of Girard Avenue, in some of the most heavily disinvested and pockmarked North Philadelphia neighborhoods (Sharswood, Brewerytown, Strawberry Mansion, Fairhill.). While she might be new to her role, her institutions legacy is inescapablelocal NPR/PBS affiliate WHYY has noted that Penn has undertaken policies that produced some of the most acute gentrification Philadelphia has ever seen.. In the ensuing decades, Society Hill became a touchstone for supporters and detractors of gentrification. Freddie Gray, 25, was arrested for possessing a switch blade knife April 12 outside the Gilmor Houses housing project on Baltimore's west side. San Francisco, it seems, is in a later stage of its gentrification timeline than Philadelphia. As more artists and young professional moved into the neighborhood, the Manayunk Development Corporation created a mixture of public programming to cater to the new audience. The area of the Dock Street Market in Society Hill was a place of commerce for more than two centuries before it was demolished in 1959 to allow construction of the residential Society Hill Towers. How do students pop this proverbial bubble? He also confirmed Penns involvement in a new mixeduse development in the 4600 block of Pine Street. But back in February, he got a letter from the property managers telling him and other tenants in the 231-unit building they . The building of bridges across the Schuylkill River further promoted development, including that of hospitals and other benevolent institutions. The area where the UC Townhomes sit used to be known as Black Bottom, a neighborhood of largely working class and working poor African American residents, who were displaced through eminent domain to create UCSC and University City High School, as John L. Puckett, professor emeritus of education at the University of Pennsylvania, writes. Follow Backgrounders on Twitter He was awarded a scholarship and continued his study at the Cranbrook Academy of Art in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, later finding work in Flint, Michigan, before returning to Philadelphia and becoming director of the housing association. Heller, Gregory L.Ed Bacon: Planning, Politics, and the Building of Modern Philadelphia. And while that goal might have seemed outlandish to many in the winter of 2021, it seems quite possible now. West Philadelphia's population shifted from majority-white to majority-black between 1950 and 1960. I think that Penn students are complicit in Penntrification, though I think that the more significant blame lies with the institution, Casey adds. As the city transitioned towards a post-industrial economy in the ensuing decades, neighborhood revival became a key focus for municipal government. Long-term residents are forced to move away from jobs and social networks. The Preservation Alliance for Greater Philadelphia, under President Paul Steinke, often crosses paths with Penn and Drexel. Beginning in the mid-1950s, Philadelphiaunder the aegis of City Planning Commission Executive Director Edmund Bacon (1910-2005)attempted to reimagine and revive Center City as an attractive residential zone. In a few short years, the once-conservative immigrant neighborhood had become a hotbed of hip nightlife. The most comprehensive, authoritative reference source ever created for the Philadelphia region. On Sept. 29, just minutes into freshman convocation, Liz Magill's first . The city had the power to seize land under eminent domainwhich allowed them to dice the community with the aim of making West Philly a satisfactory residential community and helping it to fulfill its potential as a center of private research.. After the Old Philadelphia Development Corporation purchased the property around Dock Street in 1959, many of the remaining merchants moved to the Food Distribution Center in South Philadelphia. He . Colonial row houses, they believed, were a stark contrast to the stultifying sameness of the suburbs. Residents of neighborhoods undergoing the most rapid changes watched as their longstanding social networks evaporated. As middle-class residents returned, formerly moribund commercial corridors came alive with restaurants and shops catering to the well-heeled. The Townhomes are a 70-unit low-income housing complex located at 3990 Market Street in a neighborhood known to locals as the Black Bottom. A minus. Even though it was not subject to the physical destruction seen in Society Hill, this neighborhood experienced a similar degree of social disruption. Census data, when adjusted for inflation, indicates a massive jump in Philadelphia property valuesan average increase 213% since 2000. A sprawling suburb, a quiet collegiate enclave, a dangerous part of town, an area of interest for developers. This house on the corner of Second and Lombard Streets used building materials typically used in adjacent row houses, such as brick and concrete, but applied a modernist design to give the building its distinctive look. Thats typical for a gentrifying city. I was deeply saddened. From 1997 to 2007, the median price of a single-family home rose from $86,000 to $275,000. Its exhausting work. Anderson, Elijah. In July 2021, the owner, IBID Associates LP, announced they would allow their contract with HUD to expire and their intent to sell the property. The Black Bottom is a historically Black community . W.E.B. For many Philadelphians, the 60s and 70s made evident Penns active role in spreading gentrification outward from campus. By 2010, only about 5 percent of Queen Village residents were African American. Sandy Smith Fighting Gentrification in West Philadelphia. The most comprehensive, authoritative reference source ever created for the Philadelphia region. Thats what happened in other situations, Johnson recently said in an interview on Kelly Hayes Movement Memos podcast. The North Philadelphia neighborhood, which straddles Germantown Avenue just west of Broad Street and Erie Avenue, has seen its population rise 4 percent (above the city's 1 percent increase), its housing prices rose 11 percent again above the citywide average. Rasheda Alexander, a resident council member at the development, remembers seeing a few organizers tabling near the parking lot on weekends in the winter. Ira Goldstein, a lecturer in Penns Urban Studies department and the president of Policy Solutions for the Reinvestment Fund, teaches a course on gentrification. Architect I.M. On Sept. 29, just minutes into freshman convocation, Liz Magills first major speech as University of Pennsylvania president was disrupted by about 100 protesters. But as she saw how the situation impacted more vulnerable people in the Townhomes, Alexander decided to get involved. The protesters, including students, chanted "Save UC Townhomes" and "stop Penn-trification." Newcomers cosmopolitan tastes contributed to the alienation of the neighborhoods working-class residents. Inscription. On South Street, the Theatre of the Living Arts put on avant-garde works under artistic director Andre Gregory. ofGreaterPhiladelphia. It succeeded in upgrading real estate values but also faced criticism from long-established residents. Penn professors benefit from Penns Home Ownership Services, which helps Penn faculty and staff apply for closing cost assistance for home purchasing and funds towards home improvement. This incentivizes university affiliates to buy property in the area, and to send their kids to school in the district. Others were lured by the citys development incentives, which in the late 1990s included a ten-year tax abatement for new construction and large-scale rehabilitations. This initiative froze tax increases for residents who had occupied their homes for more than ten years and faced higher assessments as a result of skyrocketing property values. In rapidly changing neighborhoods like Old City, minority residents often suffered the brunt of such measures. Dennis witnessed one of the earliest unveilings of Penns Landscape Development Plan of 1977. "They're creating enclaves of whiteness," said Chad Dion Lassiter, a social worker, lifelong. To many Philadelphians, neighborhood renewal represented the best hope for the citys revitalization. I think for now Eastwicks outside of [Penns] reach, Phil said wryly. Penn, USciences, the Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Presbyterian Hospital, and Drexel formed the West Philadelphia Corporation (WPC) in 1959 and began to condemn buildings across Black Bottom. In the 1990s, young urban professionals flocked to the area. Its market value is listed as more than $9.5 million, according to the city's website. Penns status as the largest employer in Philadelphia, its large endowment and the socioeconomic position of its students and staff complicates its existence in West Philadelphia. While there are many other residents and organizers involved in the coalition at this pointincluding over 50 organizations listed as allies on their websiteAlexander and Johnson represent a core aspect of the struggle: a tight relationship between militant housing activists and fiercely committed residents fighting for their community and for the ability to defend their homes from the profiteering motive of the property owner. Ethnic businesseskosher wine merchants, haberdasheries, and furrierswere reincarnated as vegetarian restaurants, feminist bookstores, and hip clothing boutiques. Dr. Walter Palmer, a native of the Black Bottom and lecturer at the Penn Graduate School of Social Policy and Practice, went away to law school in the late 1960s. Philadelphia Housing Action, for its part, has worked to decommodify housing by experimenting with collective ownership, Johnson said in an interview on the Millennials Are Killing Capitalism podcast, attempting to remove properties from the unrelenting throes of the housing market. In a few short years, Southwark saw a dramatic decline in its working-class population along with the conversion of its mixed-use streetscapes into expensive residential-only corridors. (Photograph by Donald D. Groff for the Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia.). The Dock Street market diminished in size after World War II as competition from other markets and changes in distribution forced some merchants to move elsewhere. In 1970, the neighborhood had only 90 housing units; by 1990, it had 1,665. Seemingly overnight, gastropubs and vintage clothing stores appeared along Girard Avenue, Fishtowns commercial corridor. Gentrification, however, is not a good option for the communities that currently reside in West Philly. She recalls that the value of her parents house appreciated 400% in the time they lived in Philly. But Phil thinks that student initiatives, when hollow, dont absolve them of complicity. Using those criteria, Nicetown has taken steps forward in the last five years. A 2016 study by the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia found that the city has lost roughly 20,000 lowcost rental units (rent and utilities under $750) since 2000. Its a tradition that continues to this day. During the late-nineteenth and twentieth centuries, newly built suburbs outside of Center City intensified these divisions. The Save UC Townhomes movement has confronted many key architects and executors of displacement in Philadelphia. The Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia. The apartments had modern amenities and views unavailable to people who purchased a historic row house in Society Hill. Its not a fight about lofty plans for the future, but about a communitys ability to defend their actual homes. Who has it, who doesnt, and where its spent. Throughout the post-World War II period, Philadelphia struggled valiantly to entice the middle class back from the suburbs. To assist working-class residents near Southwark who could not afford the increased costs of living in the newly gentrified neighborhood, the Philadelphia Housing Authority in the late 1960s built three apartment buildings, named the Southwark Plaza, along Washington Avenue between Third and Fifth Streets. (Author information current at time of publication.). Housing activists and UC Townhomes residents fight gentrification in West Philadelphia Housing activists, university students, and residents have staged protests and encampments to defend low-income housing in UC Townhomes by Jared Ware October 7th, 2022 By 1980, the University of Pennsylvania was the citys largest private employer. This was the childhood church of Marian Anderson, a world-famous Black singer from South Philadelphia. We had a lot of senior citizens and a lot of people with disabilities who just dont have anybody to advocate for them, said Alexander. In the 2010s, Philadelphia tried to strike an equilibrium between development and stasis, renewal and disruption, gentrification and decay. While they understood that a mass eviction of 69 families was planned for July 2022, it took the organizers time to gain traction and build trust with the residents. This article was originally published at Prism. The owner intends to sell the property. Housing prices soared even more quickly than they had in Queen Village. Homesteaders and developers were encouraged to renovate the neighborhoods row houses themselves. Listeners are encouraged to wrestle with questions like, "What is the impact of racist practices like redlining and gentrification on the inhabitants of the area? Rents rise, and residents like Clare Finn, who grew up in West Philly and lives there now as an adult, are priced out of their own neighborhoods.. Three weeks after the encampment was dismantled came the disruption of Penns freshman convocation, bringing even more Penn students into the movement. He envisioned a redevelopment of the citys waterfronts, a midway closed to automobiles on Chestnut Street, and a tram that would take visitors over the Schuylkill River into Fairmount Park, site of the successful 1876 Centennial. Those newcomers remade Queen Villages physical landscape. This map shows what the gentrification measure we created looks like in Philadelphia between 1990-2000 and 2000- 2010. Using an income-based definition of gentrification, only 15 of Philadelphia's 372 residential census tracts were found to have gentrified from 2000 to 2014. Others were more mercenary, buying and renovating abandoned shells for profit. From blocked off construction sites to high-rises and medical centers towering over generations-old brownstones, gentrification can be seen everywhere. Attracting new residents to Philadelphia seemed like the surest way to grow the citys tax base as manufacturing jobs evaporated and suburbanization continued apace. A neighborhood group in Philadelphia is asking opponents of a proposed apartment building to mail in poop samples as part of a study on how gentrification impacts cancer rates. Even though Black residents fought gentrificationforming an anti-displacement group that demanded low-income housing optionstheir efforts were largely unsuccessful. Its not just homes. Armed with generous mortgages, these gentrifiers were careful to heed OPDCs stringent guidelines for historical verisimilitude. The gentrification taking place in West Philadelphia is often referred to as Penntrification. In this image from 1977, three children are looking through trash at one of Southwark Plaza's dilapidated playgrounds. Many native West Philadelphians declare, often on bumper stickers: This is West Philly. And what does it say that we exist in a gentrified spaceone that our school created? Refurbished Victorian houses, lofts created from abandoned manufacturing buildings, and newly constructed townhouses provided a variety of living possibilities that reflected Manayunk's history as an industrial outpost of Philadelphia. Alexander notes that even if some residents end up leaving, she and other resident council members want to ensure the Townhomes remain for future generations of low-income families. This image from 1914 shows the Fish Market building, an enclosed warehouse that sold fresh fish from dozens of merchants. Like The Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia on Facebook, Housing and Community Affairs Collections, Urban Archives, Philadelphia City Planning Commission and Philadelphia Redevelopment Authority papers, Follow The Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia on Instagram, Like The Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia on Facebook, Philadelphia, the Place that Loves You Back, Without Pa. help, Philly gentrification relief could have unintended results (WHYY, April 15, 2013), Gentrification property tax relief- for whom? Universities and hospitals, which could not move their operations out of the city, fueled this growth. The thing that we wont have is you evicting dozens of, hundreds of elderly Black people and putting them on the street and possibly leading to their early deaths. You didn't ask this, but because of this, the upside potential right now is greater in North Philadelphia. Many residents wonder if this is an example of gentrification, with a shiny development pushing out a community institution, or if the center fulfills an actual community need not currently met. Galvanized around a struggle to defend the University City Townhomes, a 70-unit housing complex that has operated under a Section 8 project-based subsidy program for the last 40 years. The turn of the new land with stones, creating Dock Street Nicetown has taken steps forward the... Could not occur without the initial separation of Greater Philadelphia. ) the situation impacted more vulnerable people the... Jobs evaporated and suburbanization continued apace West Philly promoted development, including that of and. 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