Again he served at Potidaea, whither he had gone by sea, as land communications were interrupted by the war; and while there he is said to have remained a whole night without changing his position, and to have won the prize of valour. For he had the skill to draw his arguments from facts. He was so orderly in his way of life that on several occasions when pestilence broke out in Athens he was the only man who escaped infection. The best guess is that Diogenes Laertius wrote his collection of sketches of famous philosophers in the … Note that no distinction is made in the following remarks between a conceptual (What is the meaning of the word 'wisdom' -- i.e. There is a religious picture of the soul, and that picture is one meaning of the word 'soul'. (Phaedo 65d, tr. By her he had Sophroniscus and Menexenus. Whereas to the question of what reality is, Thales had said "water", Anaximenes "air", Anaxagoras (500-428 B.C.) C.E. Díogenés ze Sinópé (412 př. He took care to exercise his body and kept in good condition. L. ii, 6), It would be hard to exaggerate Anaxagoras' influence on contemporary thought ... in Athens ... His writings were on sale in the market ... and were eagerly studied, amongst others ... by Socrates himself. ... at the beginning of his treatise ... he [Anaxagoras] says, "All things were together; then came Mind and set them in order." L. ii, 45), In my opinion Socrates discoursed on physics as well as on ethics, since he holds some conversations about providence, even according to Xenophon, who, however, declares that he only discussed ethics. National Endowment for the Humanities Division of Preservation and Access provided support for entering this text. He was a man of great independence and dignity of character. Question: is another instance of this the word "standard" in the Euthyphro, 'standard' being a concept related to the concept 'paradigm' ('model')? diogenes laertios < > Most recent. The first is that "Although I say I know something, I think instead that I know something else" -- i.e. he reply was, "No, for it takes two to make a quarrel." Hicks. Sokrates hylkäsi esisokraatikoiksi kutsuttujen edeltäjiensä luonnonfilosofiset pohdiskelut ja suuntasi tutkimuksensa ihmisten elämäntapoihin. Here 'great independence' I take to mean: Socrates acted in accord with what "discourse with himself" showed him to be best, neither dependent on the judgment nor on the wealth of anyone else for his way of life. (Diog. studying the clouds). But if "virtue is knowledge" and "vice is ignorance", then why am I overcome by this passion? He used to say it was strange that, if you asked a man how many sheep he had, he could easily tell you the precise number; whereas he could not name his friends or say how many he had, so slight was the value he set upon them. I don't know. [Archelaus] was called the physicist in as much as with him natural philosophy ["physics"] came to an end, as soon as Socrates had introduced ethics. Harvard University Press. All new items; Books; Journal articles; Manuscripts; Topics. His strength of will and attachment to the democracy are evident from his refusal to yield to Critias and his colleagues when they ordered him to bring the wealthy Leon of Salamis before them for execution, and further from the fact that he alone voted for the acquittal of the ten generals; and again from the facts that when he had the opportunity to escape from the prison he declined to do so, and the he rebuked his friends for weeping over his fate, and addressed to them his most memorable discourses in the prison. Jowett), Plato does not want to be distracted by the objects he sees with his eyes [by "empirical fact"], because those work upon the soul the way the sun works on the eyes if looked at directly -- they blind (ibid. He wants to judge the truth of every proposition by using the eye of the soul. But that was only in the context of a discussion of magic -- or was it more general than that? He could afford to despise those who scoffed at him. Od. "the part concerned with the universe and all that it contains", in contrast to ethics and logic or dialectic (Diog. Tredennick). The answer, I think, must be: for the sake of the good, with the good being identified by this principle: The good for a thing is to exist in accord with the specific excellence that is proper and unique to it. Ask. Leipzig: Felix Meiner 1921 (= Philosophische Bibliothek 53) Addeddate Would that account for Kant's view of ethics as "categorical imperatives"? (Diog. This text was converted to electronic form by Data Entry and has been proofread to a low level of accuracy. The speech was written by Polycrates the sophist, according to Hermippus; but some say that it was by Anytus. Aristotle gives us the general statement that "it was the practice of Socrates to ask questions but not to give answers, for he confessed what he did not know" (Soph. L. ii, 32). If a man knows that impatience is wrong, he will try not to be impatient; but he must try, because impatience springs not only from the mind (when it is ignorant of the good) but also from instinct -- i.e. (Although why shouldn't a topic belong to more than one part of philosophy? (A worthwhile dialog to imagine: "The Donkey" where Socrates' companion argues that the wise man will kick the donkey back). (Diog. Someone asked him whether he should marry, or not, and received the reply, “Whichever you do you will repent it.” He use to express his astonishment that the sculptors of marble statues should take pains to make the block of marble into a perfect likeness of a man, and should take no pains about themselves lest they should turn out mere blocks, not men. The Greek word Hicks translates as "archetype" is transcribed paradeigma. L. iii, 64), Now, says, Thrasylus, the genuine dialogues are fifty-six in all, if the Republic be divided into ten and the Laws into twelve [and if they are not, then there are thirty-six, according to Thrasylus (who was, however, writing almost four-hundred years after Plato wrote his dialogs)] ... His [Plato's] first tetralogy [i.e. Cambridge. (Diog. Further, according to some, he composed a paean beginning: All hail, Apollo, Delos’ lord!Hail Artemis, ye noble pair! metaphysical (e.g. Díogenés Laertios 180 - 240. Díogenés (Διογένης) je řecké jméno, které používalo více historických osobností: . (tr. 450 B.C., born in Athens; he "was the first who explained the production of sound as being the concussion of the air" (ii, 17)] was the teacher of Socrates. De fleste raser over hans evindelige spørgsmål. He said that, when people paid a high price for fruit which had ripened early, they must despair of seeing the fruit ripen at the proper season. He was formidable in public speaking, according to Idomeneus; moreover, a Zenophon tells us, the Thirty forbade him to teach the art of words. from The Lives of Eminent Philosophers by Diogenes Laertiuswritten 225 C.E. Both were pupils of Anaxagoras, I mean Socrates and Euripides ... (Diog. oli antiikin Kreikassa Ateenassa vaikuttanut filosofi.Hän on yksi kaikkien aikojen merkittävimpiä filosofeja, ja häneen viitataan usein koko länsimaisen filosofian isänä. Filosoffen Sokrates er Athens mest omstridte mand. (iii, 64). Seeing Euclides keenly interested in eristic arguments, he said to him: “You will be able to get on with sophists, Euclides, but with men not at all.” For he thought there was no use in this sort of hair-splitting, as Plato shows us in the Euthydemus. But Socrates himself was not a cosmologist. if the Question of Providence belongs to Cosmology ... Plato's "treatment of themes Socrates disowned", The nature of sensible objects and of the Ideas (Forms), Thrasylus of Alexandria's classification scheme, The Subject Names of the Dialogs (and their type), bad habits acquired in the time of ignorance of the good, Socrates does not think he knows what he does not know, the question of meaning comes before the question of truth, https://www.roangelo.net/logwitt/diogenes-socrates.html. If we ask who introduced philosophy to Socrates, what are we calling 'philosophy'? And it is only by keeping watch over ourselves, as Socrates did, that we are able to overcome these habits. consolidated the important new insight that Diogenes Laertios was not the mindless and untrustworthy copier he has so long been taken for by nineteenth- and twentieth-century scholarship; thus, it has been demonstrated that the standard ancient technique of ex-cerpting - … He used to say ... that he knew nothing except just the fact of his ignorance. No, but a world-picture may be a tautology -- or, rather, what are we calling 'speculation'? When Alcibiades declared that the scolding of Xanthippe was intolerable, "Nay, I have got used to it," said he, "... you do not mind the cackle of geese. Whirl, as in the Olympus of Aristophanes, was the real king ..." (Brodrick, Origin of the Jesuits [1940] v, [1971] p. 143)] Anaxagoras' "vortex". ["Japan at that time was in a state of completest anarchy. He prided himself on his plain living, and never asked a fee from anyone. Lives of Eminent Philosophers. – 7.maí 399 f.Kr.) L. ii, 21), [Grammatical asides: the Greek word 'beauty' (kalon) means 'excellence' in this context. And, being once asked in what consisted the virtue of a young man, he said, “In doing nothing to excess.” He held that geometry should be studied to the point at which a man is able to measure the land which he acquires or parts with. iv. (Diog. What is the "original home" of the word 'soul'? Socrates created no cosmology, although Plato did (Aristotle, Metaphysics 1078a). Communications between Athens and Thrace were, as a rule, made by sea. (Phaedo 100a, tr. (And yet how often in the midst of the lot of rubbish I write is to be found a worthwhile, at least it seems so to me, idea. die philosophie der stoa (ii, 31). He was born, according to Apollodorus in his Chronology, in the archonship of Spsephion, in the fourth year of the 77th Olympiad, on the 6th day of the month of Thargelion, when the Athenians purify their city, which according to the Delians is the birthday of Artemis. If these are not useful [to the understanding] comparisons to make in the case of religious language, may they also not be useful comparisons to make in the case of Rationalism -- i.e. I have written verses bout him too, as follows: Drink them, being in Zeus’s palace, O Socrates; for truly did the god pronounce thee wise, being wisdom himself; for when thou didst frankly take the hemlock at the hands of the Athenians, they themselves drained it as it passed thy lips. When his wife said, “you suffer unjustly,” he retorted, “Why would you have me suffer justly?” He had a dream that someone said to him: On the third day thou shalt come to the fertile fields of Phthia; And he told Aeschines, “On the third day I shall die.” When he was about to drink the hemlock, Apollodorus offered him a beautiful garment to die in: “What,” said he, “is my own good enough to live in but not to die in?” When he was told that So-and-so spoke ill of him, he replied, “True, for he has never learnt to speak well.” When Antisthenes turned his cloak so that the tear in it came into view, “I see,” said he, “your vanity through your cloak.” To one, who said, “Don’t you find so-and-so very offensive?” his reply was, “No, for it takes two to make a quarrel.” We ought not to object, he used to say, to be subjects for the Comic poets, for it they satirize out faults they will do us good, and if not they do not touch us. The "riddle" does of course exist in religion, as do souls. leben und lehre der philosophen von diogenes laertius. So he was taken from among men; and not long afterwards the Athenians felt such remorse that they shut up the training grounds and gymnasia. Again [as in Diog. Lysias said, “If it is a fine speech, how can it fail to suit you?” “Well,” he replied, “would not fine raiment and fine shoes be just as unsuitable to me?”, Justus of Tiberias in his book entitled The Wreath says that in the course of the trial Plato mounted the platform and began: “Though I am the youngest, men of Athens, of all who ever rose to address you”-whereupon the judges shouted out, “Get down! Thus far Demetrius. Not only in the case of Socrates but in very many others the Athenians repented in 50 drachmae for a madman, and said Tyrtaeus was beside himself, and they honoured Astydamas before Aeschylus and his brother poets with a bronze statute. For he said it was absurd to make a hue and cry about a slave who could not be found, and to allow virtue to perish in this way. He would extol leisure as the best of possessions, according to Xenophon in the Symposium. I’ve every right; I’m helped by Socrates. "You play the game wrong" ... but did Plato take the word 'soul' on holiday PI § 38) -- i.e. Σωκράτης, Sōkratēs; 470/469–399 eaa.) Buy Hoeders van de wijsheid: Griekse filosofen in honderdvijftig epigrammen 01 by P. Lateur (ISBN: 9789055739349) from Amazon's Book Store. To each of the works [of Plato] Thrasylus affixes a double title, the one taken from the name of the interlocutor, the other from the subject. Thus Aristophanes: O man that justly desirest great wisdom, how blessed will be thy life amongst Athenians and Greeks, retentive of memory and thinker that thou art, with endurance of toil for thy character; never art thou weary whether standing or walking, never numb with cold, never hungry for breakfast; from wine and from gross feeding and all other frivolities thou dost turn away. That will tell you if and how it is to be verified [determined to be true or false], if it is verifiable [if 'truth' and 'falsity' are applicable to it]. L. ii, 24). Philosophers often hasten after the truth, neglecting first to determine "the truth about what?" (ii, 16). How do we determine whether a picture is idle (wild and therefore empty speculation) or not -- is it only by the criterion of empirical verification? (Somehow I want to reject the response: "But is that the only possible explanation? And note that the word 'soul' here would hardly be mistaken for the name of an object ... until the imagination takes over and creates a picture of a "ghost" (PI § 36).]. The word "form" is eidos [whence the English expression "Theory of Ideas"]. (Regardless of whether or not it would, that question -- i.e. When Xanthippe first scolded him and then drenched him with water, his rejoiner was, “Did I not say that Xanthippe’s thunder would end in rain?” When Alcibiades declared that the scolding of Xanthippe was intolerable, “Nay, I have got used to it,” said he, “as to the continued rattle of a windlass. The classification scheme of Diogenes Laertius (i, 18) divides philosophy into three parts only: (1) "physics", which is "concerned with the universe and all that it contains"; that contrasts with (2) "logic or dialectic" ("the processes of reasoning"), and (3) "ethics", which is "concerned with life and all that has to do with us". Sokrates (m.kreik. Hicks, adds later views of Socrates as well as sayings and stories to the accounts of Xenophon and Plato. picture -- is a point of interest, or at least of charm. While mankind commonly lives for the sake of pleasure, Socrates lived for the sake of the good for man. But logic-of-language must also take facts into account -- and that does not destroy the distinction between logic and "physics". ‘Tis he composed for EuripidesThose clever plays, much sound and little sense. Erster Band, Buch I-VI. 7 Hom. He prided himself on his plain living, and never asked for a fee from anyone. And what can be pictured can be believed in. For example, Heraclitus: all things are in motion, none at rest. He used to say that his supernatural sign warned him beforehand of the future; that to make a good start was no trifling advantage, but a trifle turned the scale; and that he knew nothing except just the fact of his ignorance. ed.) He is also guilty of corrupting the youth. Hicks. Diogenes Laertios, to transcribe his name from the Greek language in which he wrote, flourished circa A.D. 200-250. A dialog is a discourse consisting of question and answer on some philosophical or political subject, with due regard for the characters of the persons introduced and the choice of diction. But if Plato is not talking nonsense (i.e. iv, 6, 1) through "conceited ignorance". Concepts belong to the soul's eye. Although described by one scholar as "basically honest," Laertius' use of sources is entirely uncritical. These strangers are ... imaginary characters without names, for, even when Socrates and Timaeus are the speakers, it is Plato's doctrines that are laid down. Most popular Most recent. ), Elsewhere I spoke of "programs" or "projects", sometimes (as with the Socrates of Plato's Apology) also "missions", in philosophy. Den ældste biografi vi kan få et rimeligt indtryk af, er Philodems værk om … For Favorinus in his Miscellaneous History says Socrates and his pupil Aeschines were the first to teach rhetoric; and this is confirmed by Idomeneus in his work on the Socratic circle. Þó ber heimildum ekki saman um að þetta hafi verið aðdragandinn. Dialectic is the art of discourse by which we either refute or establish some proposition by means of question and answer on the part of the interlocutors. Zum Beispiel Sokrates Rezeption und Transformation der Vitae philosophorum des Diogenes Laertios im Florenz des 15. He would extol leisure as the best of possessions, according to Xenophon in the Symposium. And Anaxagoras' subject was the study nature or "physics" -- i.e. Unlike most philosophers, he had no need to travel, except when required to go on an expedition. (Here the notation for distinguishing between a sign and its use in the language shows its usefulness. There is, he said only one good, that is, knowledge, and only one evil, that is, ignorance; wealth and good birth bring their possessor no dignity, but on the contrary evil. L. ii, 25; variation: "So many things I do not need!"). And you do not mind the crackle of geese.” “No,” replied Alcibiades, “but they furnish me with eggs and goslings.” “And Xanthippe, said Socrates, “is the mother of my children.” When she tore his coat off his back in the market-place and his acquaintance advised him to hit back. ), [Mathematics is a Rationalism that does not treat its own axioms as doubtful. L. i, 18) -- including the rationalization [making plausible to reason] of stories about the gods (Phaedrus 229e). You are a robust fellow. And this is the case. a man of comparatively humble origin, that would be consistent, i.e. "This method [Wittgenstein's new way of philosophizing] consists essentially in leaving aside the question of truth and asking about sense [meaning] instead." possible, although see Plato's account of how Socrates became a philosopher (Apology 21a-d). Pamphila in the seventh book of her Commentaries tells how Alcibiades once offered him a large site on which to build a house; but he replied, “Suppose, then, I wanted shoes and you offered me a whole hide to make a pair with, would it not be ridiculous in me to take it?” Often when he looked at the multitude of wares exposed for sale, he would say to himself, “How many things I can do without!” And he would continually recite the lines: The purple robe and silver’s shineMore fits an actor’s need than mine.