Otto II, Otto der Rote, 955-983, Adelsgeschlecht der Liudolfinger, römisch-deutscher Kaiser von 973 bis 983., Digital improved reproduction of an illustration from the 19th century Despite having a child under the regency of his mother as a ruler, the structure established by Emperor Otto the Great remained strong as most of the Empire's most powerful officials stayed loyal to the Imperial system. Pandulf's older son Landulf IV received Capua and Benevento while his younger son Pandulf II received Salerno. The Emperor sensed the far-reaching ambitions of his cousin and denied his request. After an initial failure, the brother attempted again in 976, this time with the support of King Lothar of France. bereits zu Lebzeiten des Vaters zum Kaiser erhoben. Henry II mobilized the Saxon nobility against Otto II. Otto II., called the Red, was Holy Roman Emperor from 973 until his death. Stimmt es, dass Otto II. Hij stamde uit het geslacht van de Liodolfingen (Liudolfingers), meestal Ottonen genoemd. Before Henry II's civil war in southern Germany erupted, Otto II was faced with disputes in western Germany. He was elected associate King of Germany at Worms and crowned at Aachen 26 May 961. [6] After occupying Aachen for five days, Lothair returned to France after symbolically disgracing the city. Otto II reduced the Duchy of Bavaria in territorial size by almost a third. Das Herzogtum Franken Das Herzogtum Franken behielt Otto ein und unterstellte es der Königsherrschaft. [3] He and his advisor, Bishop Abraham of Freising, conspired with the Duke of Poland Mieszko I and the Duke of Bohemia Boleslaus II against Otto II in 974. Otto II arrives in Italy at Pavia on December 5, 980. She would later appoint John as the bishop of Piacenza, and would send him to Constantinople to arrange for a marriage between Otto III and a Byzantine princess. He was succeeded as Emperor by his three-year old son Otto III, plunging the Empire into a political crisis. With matters in southern Germany settled, Otto II turned his attention to defeating and capturing Henry II. The unresolved problems in southern Italy and the Slavic uprising on the Empire's eastern border made the Empire's political situation extremely unstable. While the initial embargo showed little effect on Venice, Otto II imposed a second embargo in 983 which dealt considerable damage to the Venetian economy. On the journey back to Germany, Otto's rearguard was attacked and destroyed by French forces, with their supplies being captured. Nach der verlorenen Schlacht gegen die Sarazenen am Kap Colonne (982), gelang es Otto II. Although Otto II had succeeded peacefully to the throne, internal divisions of power still remained unaddressed. With his rule north of the Alps secured and with the birth of his heir, Otto II shifted his focus to Italy. The defeat at Stilo forced Otto II to flee north to Rome. Following the defeat of Otto II at Stilo in 983, the Lutici Federation of Polabian Slavs revolted against their German overlords, sparking a great revolt known as the Great Slav Rising (Slawenaufstand). Under Otto II, Pandulf added the Principality of Salerno in 978 to the Empire. 909 geschlossenen Ehe König Heinrichs I. mit der Mathilde, einer Dame aus edelstem sächsischen Geschlecht, das seinen Ursprung auf den Herzog Widukind, den in Geschichte und Sage berühmten Gegner Karls d. Gr. In summer 974, Harald rebelled against Otto II. Even after his coronation, Otto II remained in the shadow of his overbearing father. Mai 973, war der älteste Sohn aus der im J. To help calm the situation in the west, Otto II appointed Charles, his cousin and brother of Lothar, as Duke of Lower Lorraine. This Ottonian defeat, the worst in the history of the Empire at the time, greatly weakened Imperial power in southern Italy. Only in 972, six years later, under the new Byzantine Emperor John I Tzimiskes, was a marriage and peace agreement concluded, however. Though Otto I preferred Byzantine Princess Anna Porphyrogenita, daughter of former Byzantine Emperor Romanos II, as she was born in the purple, her age (then only five years old) prevented serious consideration by the East. His policy was based not only on securing his power in Rome and cooperating with the Papacy, but also on gaining absolute dominion over the whole of Italy. Otto II proceeded to hold court in Rome, making the city his Imperial capital, where he received princes and nobles from all parts of western Europe.[9]. This page was last edited on 26 January 2021, at 21:42. (auch Otto der Rote genannt; * 955; † 7. 955, † am 7. [8] Despite neither side obtaining a clear victory, Otto II felt his honor was sufficiently restored and opened peace negotiations with the French King. , zum Mitkönig Finally, Duke Manso I of Amalfi deposed Pandulf II of his rule in Salerno in 982. When his father died after a 37-year reign, the eighteen-year-old Otto II became absolute ruler of the Holy Roman Empire in a peaceful succession. A prerequisite for the marriage alliance was the coronation of Otto II as Co-Emperor. The Emperor sensed the far-reaching ambitions of his cousin and denied his request. Otto II then had Charles crowned as King of the Franks by Theodoric I, Bishop of Metz. Among Otto II's chief advisors, only the Saxon Bishop Dietrich I of Metz had close connections with the old Saxon nobility. After three-and-a-half years in Italy, Otto I returned to Germany early in 965 as Holy Roman Emperor. The Polabian Slavs destroyed the bishoprics of Havelberg and Brandenburg. In October 967, father and son met in Verona and together marched through Ravenna to Rome. 6. [6] With the support of Norwegian troops, Harald was able to cross the Danish border into Germany, defeating the German forces stationed in the north. The Byzantines still claimed sovereignty over the Lombard principalities, and the lack of a singular leader to prevent their advances into Lombard territory allowed the Byzantines to make inroads further north. ca 950-983, son of Otto I. — O. war von den drei Söhnen, welche die burgundische Adelheid Otto dem Großen geboren hatte, der jüngste, wurde aber schon im Knabenalter, da die beiden älteren Brüder in frühester Kindheit starben, zum Nachfolger des Vaters bestimmt. Otto II appointed Willigis, the Archbishop of Mainz, to serve as his regent over Germany. From the confiscated Bavarian territory, Otto II established the Duchy of Carinthia in southern Germany. Otto II spent his reign continuing his father's policy of strengthening Imperial rule in Germany and extending the borders of the Empire deeper into southern Italy. The early death of Otto II and the ensuing events proved to be a serious test for Empire. Otto III thus became the only German king elected south of the Alps. Copyright © 1994-2001 Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. - http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/GERMANY,%20Kings.htm#OttoIIdied983. By 976, Henry II returned to Bavaria. Dirk Dautzenberg was born on October 7, 1921 in Duisburg, Germany as Wilhelm Dietrich Dautzenberg. (auch Otto der Rote genannt; * 955; † 7. Otto II appointed Willigis, the Archbishop of Mainz, to serve as his regent over Germany. When Otto II sent an imperial representative, Count Sicco, to secure his release, Crescentius I and Cardinal-Deacon Franco Ferrucci, who would subsequently become Boniface VII, an antipope, had Benedict murdered while still in prison. While Otto the Great had pardoned rebellious family members for their crimes, Otto II followed a different policy. — O. war von den drei Söhnen, welche die burgundische Adelheid Otto dem Großen geboren hatte, der jüngste, wurde aber schon im Knabenalter, da die beiden älteren Brüder in frühester Kindheit starben, zum … While his father had founded only one monastery (Otto I later replaced the abbey with the Cathedral of Magdeburg) during his 37 years of reign. Otto II died suddenly in 983 at the age of 28 after a ten-year reign. In 974 Benedict was imprisoned in the Castel Sant'Angelo, the stronghold of the Crescentii family. [2], Otto II's coronation allowed marriage negotiations to begin with the East. Sigmund spielt damit nicht nur auf die auffallend große und massige Statur Neuraths und dessen Rolle im Roten Wien an, sondern auch auf den meist fröhlich trompetenden Elefanten, mit dem dieser seine Briefe gern unterschrieb. On April 14, 972, Otto II married Theophanu,[30] a Byzantine princess of the Phokas family who was the cousin of reigning Byzantine Emperor John I Tzimiskes. Logoplay Holzspiele Spielesammlung, Der rote Stein - 3D Puzzle - Denkspiel - Knobelspiel - Geduldspiel - Logikspiel im Holzkasten für 19,90€ bei OTTO In relation to the other members of his dynasty, Otto II was the grandson of Henry I, son of Otto I, father of Otto III, and a first-cousin once removed to Henry II. [28] The threat of war from Willigis and Conrad I, Duke of Swabia forced Henry II to relinquish Otto III on June 29, 984 and to respect the regency of Theophanu.[29]. * 23.11.912 in Wallhausen† 07.05.973 in MemlebenOTTO I. wird als der bedeutendste Ottonenherrscher betrachtet. Zum 75. 955, † am 7. Of Greek descent, John was the personal chaplain of Otto II's wife Theophanu, accompanying her when she traveled from Constantinople to marry Otto II. In 973, Otto II granted their request. (955; 7.Dezember 983 in Rom) aus dem Geschlecht der Liudolfinger, genannt der Rote, war Deutscher König und Kaiser von 973 bis 983.. Bereits in jungen Jahren wurde Otto durch seinen Vater Otto den Großen 961 zum Mitkönig und 967 zum Mitkaiser erhoben, um ihm die Nachfolge zu sichern. Finally, Duke Manso I of Amalfi deposed Pandulf II of his rule in Salerno in 982. Pandulf's death in 981 deprived Otto II of one of his primary lieutenants. Fue uno de los ascendientes de la Casa de Habsburgo, y fue el primer noble en usar el apellido «de Habsburgo». OTTO I., „der Große“, wurde am 23.11.912 als Sohn von König HEINRICH I. und MATHILDE, „der Heiligen“, in Wallhausen geboren. Otto II convened the Imperial Diet in mid-July at Dortmund. Otto II. Otto II was a member of the Ottonian dynasty of rulers of Germany (and later the Holy Roman Empire) from 919 to 1024. In 973, however, Otto I died. (der Rote)? The exact reason for this unusual procedure has been lost to history. The Byzantine Emperor objected to Otto's use of the title "Emperor". Within a short time, the Memleben Abbey had become one of the richest and most influential of the Imperial abbeys. Though established by Otto I, the exact details of the diocese's boundaries were left to Otto II and his aides. Before the imperial family celebrated Christmas together in Ravenna, Otto II received the Iron Crown of Lombardy as the King of Italy. Otto II (955 – December 7, 983), called the Red (Rufus), was Holy Roman Emperor from 973 until his death in 983. However, the fire soon spread to Saint Mark's Basilica, resulting in the greater part of the city being burnt. In Pavia, Otto II and his mother, the dowager empress Adelaide of Italy, were reconciled after years of being apart. Though he unsuccessfully besieged Manso I in Salerno, Otto II ultimately obtained the recognition of his authority from all the Lombard principalities. With both Otto the Great and Count Reginar III dead, it appears Otto II desired a fresh start with the two sons. Otto II then prepared for a new campaign against the Muslims[3] and obtained a settlement with the Republic of Venice, whose assistance he needed following the destruction of his army at Stilo. Mieszko I of Poland also submitted to Otto II's overlordship. Otto II then had Charles crowned as King of France by Theodoric I, Bishop of Metz. Otto II spent his reign continuing his father's policy of strengthening Imperial rule in Germany and extending the borders of the Empire deeper into southern Italy. Instead, Otto II hoped to subordinate the Bavarian line of Ottonians to his Imperial authority. der Rote (*955/°983) war der Sohn Ottos I. des Großen (*912/°973) und dessen Ehefrau Adelheid von Burgund. mil. With the Imperial family near the French border, Lothair invaded Lorraine and marched on Aachen. However, Vitale's reign was short (less than two years) and he too voluntarily abdicated to become a monk. Early Medieval Italy: Central Power and Local Society 400-1000. (auch Otto der Rote genannt; * 955; † 7. [22] According to the German chronicler Bishop Thietmar of Merseburg, the decades-long, forced Germanization and Christianization of the Slavs associated with these two churches was the reason for their destruction. The Ottonians' chief lieutenant in central and southern Italy had long been the Lombard leader Pandulf Ironhead. Otto II, however, established at least four monasteries: Memleben, Tegernsee, Bergen, and Arneburg. From the death of Otto the Great until Easter 974, Adelaide accompanied the Emperor at all times, traveling throughout the Empire with him. Otto died soon after the appointment of Pope Benedict VI in 973. Though the nominal co-ruler of the Empire, he was denied any role in its administration. The defeat at Stilo cost the Empire many nobles, forcing Otto II to lift the banishment of Henry III in order to stabilize domestic affairs in Germany while he campaigned against the Muslim and Byzantines in southern Italy. Boleslaus II was treated with honors and swore loyalty to Otto II. HRE Ferdinand I's 12-Great Grandfather. By naming a descendant of his half-brother instead of his cousin, Otto II reinforced his father's policy of appointing close family members to key posts throughout the Empire. Otto II then marched his army south to Bavaria and laid siege to Regensburg, Henry II's stronghold. By 957, Otto II's older brothers Henry (born 952) and Bruno (born 953) had died, as well as Otto I's son from his first wife Eadgyth, the Crown Prince Liudolf, Duke of Swabia. "Otto II" redirects here. According the German chronicler Bishop Thietmar of Merseburg, the decades-long, forced Germanization and Christianization of the Slavs associated with these two churches was the reason for their destruction. When Harald became king in 958, he expanded the control of his kingdom into Norway, becoming king there in 970. However, the death of Otto II the next year and the resulting civil war prevented the Empire from appropriately responding to the defeat. Otto II, Otto der Rote, 955-983, Adelsgeschlecht der Liudolfinger, römisch-deutscher Kaiser von 973 bis 983., Digital improved reproduction of an illustration from the 19th century Otto II reduced the Duchy of Bavaria in territorial size by almost a third. Otto II was then buried in the atrium of St. Peter's Basilica. Seeing an opportunity to fully incorporate Venice into the Empire, Otto II agreed. Pandulf's lands were partitioned among his sons, though further quarrels between the local Lombard princes soon followed. Die alleinige Herrschaft über die Hinterlassenschaft Ottos I. übernahm Otto II. On May 7, 973, Otto died of fever, and Otto II succeeded his father as sole Emperor without meeting any opposition. Otto I crossed the Alps into Italy, while Otto II remained in Germany, and the two Archbishops, Bruno and William, were appointed as his regents. Otto II was then buried in the atrium of St. Peter's Basilica, becoming the only German ruler to be buried in a foreign country instead of in Germany. Otto II sought continued peace between himself and the descendants of his uncle Henry I, Duke of Bavaria. He was likely motivated by the high risk associated with his expedition into Italy to claim the Imperial title from the Pope. His campaigns under Otto I and Otto II incorporated all three of the southern Lombard principalities - Benevento, Capua, and Salerno - into the Holy Roman Empire. Otto II was later crowned by his uncle Bruno the Great, Archbishop of Cologne, at Aachen Cathedral on May 26, 961. am 28.November 912, † am 7. Brother of Heinrich, duke of Bavaria; Bruno von Sachsen and Mathilde, Abbess Of Quedlinburg [10] Boniface VII was then summarily excommunicated for his unsuccessful attempt to take the papacy. Henry II's claims were supported by Archbishop Egbert of Trier, Archbishop Gisilher of Magdeburg, and Bishop Dietrich I of Metz. By 957, Otto II's older brothers Henry (born 952) and Bruno (born 953) had died, as well as Otto I's son from his first wife Eadgyth, the Crown Prince Liudolf, Duke of Swabia. Oct 27, 2012 - Manfred Albrecht Freiherr von Richthofen (2 May 1892 – 21 April 1918), also widely known as the Red Baron, was a German fighter pilot with the Imperial German Army Air Service (Luftstreitkräfte) during World War I. As early as 980 Otto II demanded a fleet from the city of Pisa to help him carry out his war in southern Italy,[17] and in September 981 he marched into southern Italy. After having ruled Venice for four years, Pietro I voluntarily abdicated to become a monk, allowing the pro-Ottonian Vitale to return to Venice as Doge in 977, restoring the city's friendly relationship with the Empire. While the historical sources do not describe the goals of the conspirators, Henry II likely intended to restore his honor and to ensure his position as the second most influential man in the Empire. When Otto the Great died, the smooth succession to the imperial throne of Otto II had long been guaranteed. In regard to his Italian policy, Otto II went beyond the goals of his father. The arrival of a minor on the Imperial throne threw te Empire into confusion, allowing Otto III's mother, the Byzantine Princess Theophanu, to reign as his regent. Otto I's military protection of Pietro IV ensured his hold over power in Venice despite his autocratic tendencies over the republican city. This information is part of by on Genealogy Online. The most important action taken by Otto II at the assembly, however, was to secure the "election" of his son Otto III, who was then only three years old, as King of Germany and heir apparent to the Imperial throne. [28] Henry II eventually went so far as to claim the German throne outright, obtaining the allegiance of Mieszko I of Poland and Boleslaus II, Duke of Bohemia. (auch Otto der Rote genannt; * 955; † 7. A member of the Ottonian dynasty, Otto II was the youngest and sole surviving son of Otto the Great and Adelaide of Italy. Upon hearing of the conspiracy, Poppo, the Bishop of Würzburg, demanded Henry II and his followers to submit to Otto II or face excommunication. [4] Following his coronation, a rift developed between Otto II and his mother, the Dowager Empress Adelaide of Italy. The effects were disastrous enough to cause the ruling Venetian families to surrender to Otto II, but Otto II's untimely death that year prevented such action. [21] He then held an Imperial Diet at Verona on Pentecost, 983. Als nach 37jähriger Herrschaft sein Vater verstarb, trat der erst 18jährige Otto die Alleinregierung an. The situation between East and West was finally resolved to share sovereignty over southern Italy. With two Lombard princes dead, the Principalities of Capua and the Benevento passed to younger branches of the Landulfid family. From the confiscated Bavarian territory, Otto II established the Duchy of Carinthia in southern Germany. , Archiv für Post und Telegraphie (Berlin), 13 (1885) 591-603 [27] News of Otto II's death first reached Germany after Otto III's coronation. Detailed statistics of player Der_Rote_Otto in World of Tanks: battles fought, victory rate, player achievements After celebrating Easter in Taranto, Otto II moved his army westward, defeating a Muslim army in early July. Otto II. In July 983, Pope Benedict VII, a longtime Ottonian supporter, died of natural causes after having reigned for almost ten years. Nov. 1911. His campaigns under Otto I and Otto II incorporated all three of the southern Lombard principalities - Benevento, Capua, and Salerno - into the Holy Roman Empire. [28], In 976, Otto II had deposed Henry II as Duke of Bavaria and imprisoned him. Monasticism became a key part of Otto II's Imperial policy, entrusting the Abbots with key political functions. Otto the Great also failed to clarify affairs in Italy prior to his death. Son of Otto I, Holy Roman emperor and Saint Adelaide of Italy Otto II stayed in Italy to further address his military campaigns. On May 8, the nobles of the Empire assembled before Otto II and, according to the Saxon Chronicler Widukind of Corvey, "elected" Otto II as his father's successor. Upon his return, Henry came into open rebellion against Otto II, claiming rulership over the Empire for himself. After having ruled Venice for four years, Pietro I voluntarily abdicated to become a monk, allowing the pro-Ottonian Vitale to return to Venice as Doge in 977, restoring the city's friendly relationship with the Empire. When his father died after a 37-year reign, the eighteen-year old Otto II became absolute ruler of the Holy Roman Empire in a peaceful succession. He was also called Otto VI as Count Palatine of Bavaria from 1156 to 1180. am 28.November 912, † am 7. In October 974, under the direction of Count Sicco, the bishop of Sutri was elected Pope as Pope Benedict VII. Otto II was confined primarily to northern Italy during his father's time south of the Alps. "Ottone fratre [Machtild unica filia…patre Otto imperatore et matre Athelheida imperiatrice]" was recorded by Annalista Saxo[294]. [10] More sympathetic chroniclers said that it was due to his reddish complexion. clasp "1939" of the Iron Cross [WW II German Armed Forces, awarded to previous recipients of the 1914 Iron Cross] Spange {f} "1939" zum Eisernen Kreuz [2. In autumn, however, when the Norwegian allies sailed north to return to Norway, Otto II was able to counter Harald's advances at the Danevirke. Otto II then brought the rebels before the Imperial Diet in Quedlinburg on March 31, 978. U.S. President [B, HARRISON] 's 20-Great Grandfather. / Otto der Große hist. Peace was finally concluded between Otto II and Lothair in 980: in return for renouncing his claims on Lorraine, Otto II would recognize Lothair's son Louis V as the rightful heir to the French throne.[8]. "der Rote" VON SACHSEN (Liudolf.) With his newly obtained power, the young ruler was no longer willing to accept German supremacy over his kingdom. Soldiers from the Northern March, the March of Meissen, the March of Lusatia, as well as from the Bishop of Halberstadt and the Archbishop of Magdeburg, joined forces to defeat the Slavs near Stendal. Matilda, born 979, died 1025; who married Ezzo, count palatine of Lotharingia, Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor, born June or July 980, A daughter, a twin to Otto, who died before October 8, 980. 15 Stunden), die 1983 (Erste Staffel: Rote Erde, 9 Teile) und 1989 (Zweite Staffel: Rote Erde II, 4 Teile) unter der Regie von Klaus Emmerich entstanden ist. In particular, Henry II had strong connections to Margrave Gunther of Merseburg, Count Egbert the One-Eyed, and Dietrich I of Wettin, who were all displeased with Otto II's lack of adherence to Saxon tradition. Lothair then fled to the French capital of Paris and was there besieged by Otto II and Charles.